专题06 形容词和副词（解析版）
Part 1：知识点梳理
1. 形容词和副词的句法功能；
2. 根据提示词写出正确的形容词或副词词形；
3. 原级、比较级、最高级的使用；
4. 倍数的表达法；
5. 常见形容词、副词的惯用法。
知识点1 基本用法
1. 形容词用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或物的性质、特征和状态，在句中一般作定语、表语或宾语补足语等。
Suddenly, he saw a car with its bright lights on. (作定语)
English is compulsory for Chine students. (作表语)
Plea keep the door open. (作宾补)
副词用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语或整个句子，表示时间、地点、方式、程度、动作、频率等，在句中主要作状语。
Plea write slowly and carefully. (修饰动词)
家电冰箱Mary and Jane are quite different. (修饰形容词)
He spoke too quickly to understand. (修饰副词)
He is badly in need of money. (修饰介词短语)
Generally , it’s a book worth reading. (修饰句子)
2. 形容词和副词的比较级用于两个人或事物之间的比较，最高级用于三个或三个以上人或事物之间的比较。比较的对象应为同类，且不能相互包容，常用结构为“比较级＋than＋比较对象”，“the＋最高级＋比较范围”。
The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai.
Allan is the cond tallest player in the team.
Lucy runs faster than Lily.
知识点2 形容词与副词的比较级和最高级构成
1：规则变化
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compete原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
单音节词一般情况下直接加-er和-est | small | smaller | smallest |
great | greater | 企业文化培训心得greatest |
hard | harder | hardest |
以e结尾的单音节词和少数以-ble结尾的双音节词加-r和-st | 如何消除嘴角纹fine | finer | finest |
cute | cuter | cutest |
able清军屠城 | abler | ablest |
以一个辅音字母结尾,且前面只有一个元音字母的词,双写辅音字母后再加-er和-est | fat | fatter | fattest |
thin | thinner | thinnest |
| hot | hotter | hottest |
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,先把y变为i再加-er和-est | easy | easier | easiest |
happy | happier | happiest |
early | earlier | earliest |
少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词,加-er和-est | clever | cleverer | cleverest |
narrow | narrower | narrowest |
其他双音节和多音节的形容词或副词一般在前面加more和most | careful | more careful | most careful |
popular | more popular | most popular |
efficiently | More efficiently | most efficiently |
| | | |
2：不规则变化
| | |
good,well | better | best |
bad,ill | wor | worst |
many,much | more考研分值 | most |
little | less | least |
far | farther/further | farthest/furthest |
old | older/elder | oldest/eldest |
| | |
3：形容词和副词比较等级常见句式
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as...as.../not so (as)...as...,意为“和…(不)一样…” | She is as tall as her mother. I am not as/ so good a player as you are. |
比较级 (+ than),意为“一方比另一方……” | This picture is more beautiful than that one. I have never en a more interesting film. |
less +原级+than,意为“一方不及另一方……” | This room is less beautiful than that one. |
the +比较级,the +比较级,意为“越……越……” | The harder you work,the more progress you will make. |
“否定词+比较级”表示最高级意义 | I have never spent a more worrying day. |
more...than...,意为“与其……倒不如……” | He is more shy than unfriendly. |
以-ior结尾的形容词,与to搭配。如:junior,nior,superior,prior,inferior等 | The book is superior to that one I just finished reading. |
no+比较级+than两者都不 | This book is no more interesting than that once. |
The+比较级+of the two两者中较为…… | the older of the two |
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知识点3 形容词、副词的倍数表达法
(1)... 倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as...
The big box is four times as heavy as the small one. 大箱子是小箱子的四倍重。
(2)... 倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋
The car runs twice faster than that truck. 这辆轿车跑得比那辆卡车快两倍。
(3)... 倍数＋the＋度量衡名词＋of...
The newly built square is four times the size of the previous one. 新建的广场是之前的四倍大。
(4)... 倍数＋what从句
Cotton output is now ten times what it was ten years ago. 目前棉花产量是十年前的十倍。
(5)... 倍数＋that/
In this workshop the output of July was 3.5 times that of January. 这个车间七月的产量是一月的3.5倍。
知识点4 形容词作定语的位置
形容词作定语通常前置,但在下列情况后置:
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以-able,-ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰的名词之后 | the best book available,the only solution possible |
alive,alike,awake,aware,asleep等可以后置 | the only person awake |
和空间、时间、单位连用时 | a bridge 50 meters long |
成对的形容词可以后置 | a huge room simple and beautiful |
形容词短语一般后置五清 | a man difficult to get on with |
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Part 2：高考真题精选
1.（2022新高考I卷）The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between parate populations and homes of giant pandas, and __________ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
答案：eventually
解析：考查副词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处后为动词achieve，设空处应用副词eventually作状语，修饰动词achieve。故填eventually。
2.（2022全国甲卷）Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ___________ (meaning).
答案：meaningful
解析：考查形容词。句意：曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构，应用形容词meaningful，作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。
3.（2022全国甲卷）...and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s _________ (high) mountain.
答案：highest
解析：考查形容词最高级。句意：在过去的五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据空前Africa’s可知，此处表示乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山脉，应用形容词最高级。故填highest。
五谷指的是哪五谷
4.（2022全国乙卷）“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the _________ (large) tea-producing country, China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
答案：largest
解析：考查形容词最高级。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。根据定冠词the和常识可知，中国是最大产茶国，所以用形容词的最高级形式。故填largest。
5.（2022年浙江卷1月）On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, __________（rough） 200 academics - many of them climate scientists have promid to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
答案：roughly
解析：考查副词。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。此处修饰数字用副词roughly“粗略地大约”，故填roughly。
6.（2022新高考二卷）On the day of the accident, Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father. They both fell ___38___ (sleep) while watching TV.
答案：asleep
解析：考查形容词。句意：他们俩看电视的时候都睡着了。根据句子结构可知，设空处应该填写形容词作表语。sleep为动词，意为“睡觉”，其形容词为asleep。fall asleep为固定搭配，意为“熟睡的”，asleep符合句意。故填asleep。
7.（2022新高考二卷）When he looked down, he ___40___ (accidental ) slipped and fell over the edge.
