四种翻译⽅法之⼆——直译与意译
端午已过，⼤家可以收收⼼等着下次放假啦~在此期间，⼩编我特地给⼤家准备了点精神⾷粮，以便⽀撑⼤家度过漫长的等待时间——四种翻译⽅法！但是，由于篇幅限制，咱们今天就先学习其中的两种翻译⽅法吧~
直译和意译
所谓直译，就是在译⽂语⾔条件许可时，在译⽂中既保持原⽂的内容，⼜保持原⽂的形式——特别指保持原⽂的⽐喻、形象和民族、地⽅⾊彩等。
每⼀个民族语⾔都有它⾃⼰的词汇、句法结构和表达⽅法。当原⽂的思想内容与译⽂的表达形式有⽭盾不宜采⽤直译法处理时，就应采⽤意译法。意译要求译⽂能正确表达原⽂的内容，但可以不拘泥与原⽂的形式。（张培基）
应当指出，在再能确切的表达原作思想内容和不违背译⽂语⾔规范的条件下，直译有其可取之处，⼀⽅⾯有助于保存原著的格调，另⼀⽅⾯可以进新鲜的表达⽅法。
Literal translation refers to an adequate reprentation of the original. When the original coincides or almost tallies with the Chine language in the quence of vocabulary, in grammatical structure and r
hetorical device, literal translation must be ud.
传承同义词
Free translation is also called liberal translation, which does not adhere strictly to the form or word order of the original.（郭著章）
直译法是指在不违背英语⽂化的前提下，在英译⽂中完全保留汉语词语的指称意义，求得内容和形式相符的⽅法。
意译是指译者在受到译语社会⽂化差异的局限时，不得不舍弃原⽂的字⾯意义，以求疑问与原⽂的内容相符和主要语⾔功能的相似。（陈宏薇）
简单地说，直译指在译⽂中采⽤原作的的表达⽅法，句⼦结构与原句相似，但也不排除在短语层次进⾏某些调整。
意译指在译⽂中舍弃原作的表达⽅法，另觅同意等效的表达⽅法，或指对原作的句⼦结构进⾏较⼤的变化或调整。（杨莉藜）
Literal translation may be defined as having the following characteristics:
1, literal translation takes ntences as its basic units and the whole text into consideration at the same time in the cour of translating.
2, literal translation strives to reproduce both the ideological content and style of the entire literary work and retain as much as possible the figures of speech and such main ntence structures or patterns as SV,SVO, SVC, SVA, SVOO, SVOC, SVOA formulated by Randolph Quirk, one of the authors of the book A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language.
Free translation may be defined as a supplementary means to mainly convey the meaning and spirit of the original without trying to reproduce its ntence patterns or figures of speech. And it is adopted only when and where it is really impossible for translators to do literal translation. (Liu Zhongde).
练习
1. He walked at the head of the funeral procession, and every now and then wiped his crocodile tears with a big handkerchief.
他⾛在送葬队伍的前头，还不时⽤⼀条⼤⼿绢擦⼀擦他的鳄鱼泪。
他⾛在送葬队伍的前头，还不时⽤⼀条⼤⼿绢擦⼀擦他的鳄鱼泪。
橘皮果酱
2. It‟s an ill wind that blows nobody good.
对有些⼈有害的事情可能对另⼀些⼈有利。
3. Every dog has his day.
⼈⼈皆有得意⽇。
4. It means killing two birds with one stone.
这意味着⼀⽯⼆鸟。
这意味着⼀举两得。
宣誓图片这意味着⼀箭双雕。
5. 你不要班门弄斧。
Don‟t display your axe at Lu Ban‟s door.
Don‟t teach your grandmother to suck eggs.新的一年的说说
Never offer to teach a fish to swim.
6. Nixon was smiling and Kissinger smiling more broadly.胎儿几个月有胎动
尼克松满⾯春风，基⾟格更是笑容可掬。
7. 在我的后园，可以看见墙外有两株树，⼀株是枣树，还有⼀株也是枣树。
Behind the wall of my backyard you can e two trees: one is a date tree, the other is also a date tree.
8. 油蛉在这⾥低唱，蟋蟀们在这⾥弹琴。
Here field crickets droned away while hou crickets chirped merrily.
9. There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of a French man.我很想爱他歌词
法国⼈的性格混合有⽼虎和猿的成分。
法国⼈的性格既残暴⼜狡猾。
虎恶狐狡，兼⽽有之，这就是法国⼈的性格。
10. Every spirits you take is a nail in your coffin.
你喝的每⼀杯酒都在缩短你的性命。
你喝的每⼀杯酒都是你棺材上的⼀颗钉⼦。
11. The first time I saw her, half of my life ago, she nearly took my breath away.
⼤半⽣前第⼀次见到她，她差点⼉把我的呼吸带⾛。
椰子蟹好吃吗
⼤半⽣前第⼀次见到她，我就惊呆了。
12. 芦笛岩是桂林最精彩的岩洞。
Reed Flute Cave is the most magnificent of all in Guilin.
13. Don‟t cross the bridge till you get to it.
不必担⼼太早。
不必⾃寻烦恼。
14. Do you e any green in my eye?
你以为我是好骗的吗？
15. I want a man who will throw his hat over the Chindwin and then lead his troops after it.
我要的是这样⼀个⼈，他决⼼在亲顿江破釜沉⾈，然后率领部队前进。
16. Ruth was uptting the other children, so I showed her the door.
鲁斯⼀直在扰乱别的孩⼦，我把他撵了出去。
17. The operation may not succeed; it‟s a gamble whether he lives or dies.
⼿术不⼀定成功，能否保住他的性命，只能⼀赌。
18. But after six years of a stormy marriage, Cewe decided to end it.
六载婚姻⽣活，风⾬交加，赛维决定结束这种婚姻。
19. The boxes, being muum quality, would have incread in worth over the years, and made people remember me “with growing appreciation.”
九只盒⼦，都⾜以当作⽂物收藏在博物馆⾥，随着岁⽉流逝，它们的价值还会越来越⾼，⼈们也会记住我，“越来越感激”我。
20. Smashing a mirror is no way to make an ugly person beautiful, nor is it a way to make social problems evaporate.意译：砸镜⼦并不能解决实际问题。
直译：砸镜⼦并不能使丑⼋怪变漂亮，也不能使社会问题烟消云散。
21. . He had about as much chance of getting a job as of being chon mayor of Chicago.
A.他找到⼯作的机会和当选芝加哥市长的机会差不多
B.他找到⼯作的机会简直跟当选芝加哥市长同样困难。
C.他找到⼯作的机会简直微乎其微。
22. “你真是不到黄河不死⼼。”她低声地说，⽆可奈何地摇摇头。（《寒夜》）
“You really do refu to give in until all hope is gone.” she murmured, shaking her head helplessly.
23. It is a long lane that had no turning.
误：那是⼀条没有弯的长巷。
正：⽆论多长的巷也有弯的地⽅（路必有弯，事必有变）。
24. We cannot estimate the value of modern science too much.
误：我们不能过⾼地估计现代科学的价值。
正：对现代科学的价值⽆论如何重视也不过分。
25. At the door to the restaurant, a stunning, porcelain-faced woman in traditional costume asked me to remove my shoes.
在通往餐厅的门⼝有⼀位迷⼈的陶瓷般脸蛋的妇⼥叫我脱下鞋⼦。
在通往餐厅的门⼝有⼀位妇⼥，涂脂抹粉、细⽪嫩⾁、⾝着和服、⼗分迷⼈，她叫我脱下鞋⼦。
在通往餐厅的门⼝有⼀位妇⼥，她⾝着和服，仪态优美，⾯庞陶瓷般光洁⽩皙，叫我脱去鞋⼦。
26. The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt.
古⽼的⼩⽇本漂游在灰棕⾊的钢筋混凝⼟摩天⼤楼之间的引⼈景象是和服与超短裙之间的不断⽃争的象征。
式样古⽼⼩巧的⽇本房屋像⼩船⼀般，漂游在灰棕⾊的钢筋混凝⼟摩天⼤楼之间，这引⼈注⽬的景象象征着旧传统和新发展之间的不断⽃争。
⽶黄⾊的混凝⼟摩天⼤楼之间，飘荡着⼩⼩的古⽼的⽇本，构成了⼀道吸引⼈的风景，恰恰象征着和服与迷你裙间不断的⽃争。
27.千字⽐⼗字只多⼀⼩撇，不是差不多嘛？
The character千 differs from ⼗ in merely having one additional short stroke. Aren‟t they about the same?
qq怎样发闪照
28，我们尽忙着鸡⽑蒜⽪的事⼉，还没有顾得上呢。（新⼉⼥英雄传）
We haven‟t had time, we‟ve been too busy with chicken feather and onion skin affairs, with light trivial matters!
29，“⼋字没有⼀撇呢 ”
Not even the first stroke of the character ⼋ is in sight.
30、三个⼈品字式坐了，随便谈了⼏句（⼦夜）
The three men sat down facing each other and began casually chatting.
(许孟雄、A. C. Barnes译)
你和⾼翻之间∣只差⼀个策马
⼝笔译资料 ·【北京策马翻译】· 会场观摩实践
