78-翻译解题技巧

更新时间:2023-06-20 03:15:56 阅读: 评论:0

  翻译解题技巧
  翻译部分在口译考试中一直以来都扮演重要角色,就其分值来看,两篇翻译总共有100分,所以如果考生在这一部分能够稳抓稳打,拿到一个理想分数,在听力和阅读部分只要发挥正常的话,那么想要通过一阶段的笔试应该不成问题。但是,就以往的阅卷经历来看,考生在这一部分往往得不到高分,经常徘徊在一个中游水平,这主要是由各种原因所造成的。
  最常见的是时间问题,对于任何一门考试,时间安排永远是考生应该最该关注的一项,时间如果没掌控好,其最直接的结果就是捡了芝麻,却丢了西瓜,完成了一些相对来说分值较小的部分,而且往往这些分值较小的题目还会消耗考生大多数的精力,最后分值大的部分却没有足够的时间来完成,完全不符合二八定律(即用二分投入,获得八分回报),于是满盘皆输,如果是这种原因导致最后没有通过考试的话,那实属冤屈。相反,如果时间安排科学合理,先消灭那些容易得分的题目,那必定有助于学生在考场上披荆斩棘,事半功倍,顺利通过考试。由于在口译考试中,翻译被设置在最后一部分,所以如果时间安排不妥,最容易受到直接影响的也就是考生的翻译成绩,可是翻译部分却又是比较容易得分的,也占了很大的分值比例。很多学生听力部分考完之后,顺理成章的从阅读开始然后再做翻译,这样的解题顺序对于那些基础扎实,能够严格控制时间的考生来说当然不是说不可以,因为根据考试的设定,如果考生达到了中口或高口水平的话,那么顺着做下来,时间应该是不多不少正正好好,但是在考场上看到更多的情况是,很多学生顺做,当把阅读部分全部完成后,发现翻译部分还剩下十几二十分钟,这时对
于考生心理上就是毁灭性的打击,心态受到影响发挥必定不会正常,结果只能草草了事,无法充分发挥自己的所有实力。这也就是为什么在阅卷过程中,常常会发现很多学生的译文:
  字迹潦草,龙飞凤舞,难以辨别,犹如天书,结果影响了老师阅卷而失分,不管任何考试,保持卷面整洁是非常有必要的,但这并不是说考生们必须为了通过考试都要去练好字,字可以写的不好,但是一定要写清楚,写干净,让老师能够心情愉悦地顺畅地阅卷,尽可能的减少涂改。应急物资管理制度
  因为时间不够,学生译文就好像网上自动翻译程序,完全直译,比如说,把the quality of teachers直译成了老师的质量,而不是老师的素质,不知从何时起,老师们都成了一个个产品,需要进行质量检测。
  常常与原文的意思不符,我们常说翻译是两种语言之间的转换,在这一过程中,
最重要的一步就是要充分理解原文的意思,理解这一步比翻译更为关键,但是,理解是需要时间的,也是需要精力,如果时间没管理好,相信就算考生原本有能力,最后还是鞭长莫及。
      综合上述原因,推荐考生在考试时,调整解题顺序,完成听力后,先做翻译,然后再做阅读,这么做,百利而无一害。备考期间,希望考生不要放过任何一个细节,所谓工欲善其事,必先利其器,胸有成竹方能百战不殆,最后预祝所有考生在此次考试中都能获得理想的成绩。
高口真题
  201109高口英译汉解析
  In the coming decades, Europe's influence on affairs beyond its borders will be sharply limited, and it is in other regions, not Europe, that the 21st century will be most clearly forged and defined. Certainly, one reason for NATO's increasing marginalization stems from the behavior of its European members. With NATO, critical decisions are still made nationally; much of the talk about a common defen policy remains just that-talk. There is little specialization or coordination. Missing as well are many of the logistical and intelligence asts needed to project military force on distant battlefields. With the Cold War and the Soviet threat a distant memory, there is little political willingness, on a country-by-country basis, to provide adequate public funds to the military.
  Political and demographic changes within Europe, as well as the United States, also ensure that the transatlantic alliance will lo prominence. In Europe, the E.U. project still consumes the attention of many, but for others, especially tho in southern Europe facing unsustainable fiscal shortfalls, domestic economic turmoil takes precedence. No doubt, Europe's curity challenges are geographically, politically and psychologically less immediate to the population than its economic on
es, Mounting financial problems and the imperative to cut deficits are sure to limit what Europeans can do militarily beyond their continent. It is true that the era in which Europe and transatlantic relations dominated U.S. foreign policy is over.
参考答案:
  未来几十年,欧洲对自身边界以外事物的影响力将会大大降低,最为清晰地塑造并界定21世纪的将是其他地区,而不是欧洲。当然,北约日益边缘化的原因之一是其欧洲成员的表现。拿北约来说,关键性的决策仍然由各国政府作出,关于共同防御政策的讨论在很大程度上仅仅是讨论而已,而没有多少专门对策或协调行动。把军事力量投放到遥远战场所需的许多后勤保障和情报资源均告阙如。冷战和苏联的威胁都已成为遥远的记忆,各国没有多少政治意愿向军队提供足够的公共资金。
  欧洲内部以及美国在政治和人口方面的变化,也注定了这个跨大西洋联盟会
失去重要性。在欧洲,欧盟的事业依然为许多人所关注,但是,对于其他人而言,尤其是面对难以为继的财政缺口的南欧国家,国内的经济乱象才是首要问题。毫无疑问,欧洲安全面临的挑战对于欧洲人民来说,在地理上、政治上和心理上都不如经济问题那么紧迫。日益突出的财政问题和削减赤字的必要性,必定会限制欧洲各国在欧洲大陆以外所能采取的军事行动。现实是:欧洲和跨大西洋关系主导美国外交政策的时代已经结束。
1) 视译
1分钟浏览全文,看出主题
Para1: 欧洲政治和军事影响力降低。
Para2:经济问题会取代军事和外交问题,成为国家关注首要问题。
2)逐句解析
  In the coming decades, Europe's influence on affairs beyond its borders will be sharply limited, and it is in other regions, not Europe, that the 21st century will be most clearly forged and defined.
  解析:并列结构,用and连接,因此划分两个层次
  第一层:主干Europe's influence will be sharply limited.
  Influence on affairs, 介词on 转译为动词,很快理解为对于某个方面的影响;beyond做地点介词:在...之外;
  第二层:主干句型结构-强调句it is ...that; 能很容易发现强调重点,变成句型结构即是:the 21st cent
ury will not be most clearly forged and defined by Europe but other regions.
  Certainly, one reason for NATO's increasing marginalization stems from the behavior of its European members. 当然,北约日益边缘化的原因之一是其欧洲成员的表现。
  解析:
  词汇:NATO-the North Atlantic Treaty Organization 北大西洋公约组织
  Marginalization-社会发展边缘化(同时掌握margin, marginalize)
  Stem from-表因果关系的短语
  按照上课帮学生总结的因果关系句型处理方式:三段+名词性转译+加因果关系连词(必要时调整语序)
  With NATO, critical decisions are still made nationally; much of the talk about a common defen policy remains just that-talk. There is little specialization or coordination.
  解析:
  词汇:common defen: 共同防御
  分层很简单,在组织语言的时候,句子之间的状语关系,根据小分句层意进行适当添加
  在这个句子中,没有直接的状语连词,但还是添加上"尽管...但是...","而...",中文的逻辑性更强。
  Missing as well are many of the logistical and intelligence asts needed to project military force on distant battlefields.
  解析:
  词汇:logistical asts: 后勤资源;intelligence asts: 情报资源
  后置定语needed to= which are ,句子划分两个小分句,处理方式,要么翻译成汉语的前置定语,要么翻译成汉语流水句。
  主干结构:the
logistical and intelligence asts are missing.
  With the Cold War and the Soviet threat a distant memory, there is little political willingness, on a co
untry-by-country basis, to provide adequate public funds to the military.
  解析:
  句子主干结构:there is little political willingness to provide adequate pubic funds to the military.
  With引导的介词短语结构中,能看出a distant memory是 the Cold War and the Soviet threat的同位语,这里的with引导的状语关系是因果关系,因此,翻译的时候,希望同学能去调整语序:现在每个国家从政治上来说已经不愿意向军队提供足够的公共资金,因为冷战和苏联威胁已经成为遥远的记忆。
  **存在转译部分:willingness-名转动,愿意做...;所以,political, 转译成状语更好,从政治上来说不愿意...,个人觉得比政治意愿更符合句式表达。
  Political and demographic changes within Europe, as well as the United States, also ensure that the transatlantic alliance will lo prominence.
  解析:
  词汇:demographic-人口统计的;transatlantic-横跨大西洋的;
  Political changes: 政治变动;demographic changes: 人口分布变化(两个形容词跟同一个名词,翻译成汉语的时候,根据语境做必要的增词搭配)
  Prominence: 重要性
茴香猪肉饺子  句子无难度: 在欧洲内部和美国,由于政治变动和人口分布的变化注定了大西洋联盟最终会丧失其重要性。
  In Europe, the E.U. project still consumes the attention of many, but for others, especially tho in southern Europe facing unsustainable fiscal shortfalls, domestic economic turmoil takes precedence.
  解析:句子零碎,抓主干
  第一层:the E.U project still consumes the attention
  第二层:domestic economic turmoil takes precedence
  第三层:后置定语facing unsustainable fiscal shortfalls= the southern Europe faces unsustainable fiscal shortfalls报关员考试
  词汇:
  Consume the attention=call the attention
  Fiscal shortfalls-财政短缺
  Economic turmoil-经济混乱
  Precedence=preceding issue (类似问题在课堂上提到过, 如stable environment=stability)
  在最后整理语序的时候,第三层意思可根据逻辑关系(因果),调整语序
  即:对于其他国家而言,特别是南欧国家,国内的经济乱象才是首要问题,因为这些国家都面临财政短缺的问题。劳苦的意思
  No doubt, Europe's curity challenges are geographically, politically and psychologically less immediate to the population than its economic ones. 毫无疑问,欧洲安全面临的挑战对于欧洲人民来说,在地理上、政治上和心理上都不如经济问题那么紧迫。
  解析:
  三个副词修饰形容词看起来复杂,实际最基本结构就是Euro
横墙
pe's curity challenges are less immediate than its economic ones. 三个副词部分相当于就是in terms of +n., 所以补充完整,地理问题,政治问题和心理问题目前都不如经济问题来得紧迫。
  To the population, 按照中国人的说话习惯:时间,地点,人物做何时,因此,置前翻译。
  对于欧洲人民来说,现在所面临的地理问题,政治问题和心理问题这些挑战都不如经济问题来得紧迫。
  Mounting financial problems and the imperative to cut deficits are sure to limit what Europeans can do militarily beyond their continent.
  解析:句子没有难度,2个关注点
  do militarily, 与上句类似,相当于是in terms of military
  mounting financial problems, mounting此处做形容词,实来自与现在分词,而按照汉语的说话习惯"什么怎么样",可以翻译成小的流水句:财政问题日益突出;而由此,为求句子结构表达顺畅,the imperative to cut deficits也可以翻译成并列的流水句:削减财政越来越必要
  财政问题日益突出,削减赤字越来越必要,而这必定会限制各国在欧洲大陆以外所能采取的军事行动。
  It is true that the era in which Europe and transatlantic relations dominated U.S. foreign policy is over. 现实是:以往由欧洲和跨大西洋关系主导美国外交政策的时代已经结束。
心情压抑的说说  解析:句子虽短,结构一层套一层,还是抓主干-it is true that the ear is over
  附属: the relations was dominated by US foreign policy
  两层意思合并:现实是,以往由欧洲和跨大西洋关系主导美国外交政策的时代已经结束。
中国文化有哪些模拟训练
高口
  Human beings no longer thrive under the water from which their ancestors emerged, but their relationship with the a remains clo. Over half the world's people live within 100 kilometers (62 miles) of the coast; a tenth are within 10km. On land at least, the a delights the ns and excites the imagination. The sight and smell of the a inspire courage and adventure, fear and romance. Though the waves may be rippling or mountainous, the waters angry or calm, the ocean itlf is eternal. Its moods pass. Its tides keep to a rhythm. It is unchanging.
  Or so it has long emed. Appearances deceive, though. Large parts of the a may indeed remain unchanged, but in others, especially in the surface and coastal waters where 90% of marine life is to be found, the impact of man's activities is increasingly plain. This should hardly be a surpri. Man has changed the landscape and the atmosphere. It would be odd if the as, which he has for centuries ud for food, for transport, for dumping rubbish and, more recently, for recreation, had not also been affected.
  It is clear, in any event, that man must change his ways. Humans could afford to treat the a as
an infinite resource when they were relatively few in number, capable of only rather inefficient exploitation of the vasty deep and without as yet a taste for fossil fuels. A world of 6.7 billion souls, t to become 9 billion by 2050, can no longer do so. The possibility of widespread catastrophe is simply too great.
【参考译文】
  人类自海而来,尽管现在,海底已不是我们生存发展之地,但人类和海洋的密切关系却不曾改变。居住地离海岸不到100公里(62英里)的人口高达一半以上,10公里以内的也占到十分之一。至少在陆地上人们会认为,海洋既是情感之根,又是想象之源。观其貌,闻其味,顿时倍增勇气,起程壮游,
小猫作文400字却又平添惊恐,演绎传奇。海浪既可没没汩汩,又能浩浩荡荡,既可白浪滔天,又能水波不兴,但海洋本身却亘古不变:忘我、循序、如一。
  或者说,至少人们一直是这么想的,但这却是个假象。确实,大一部分是始终如一的,但还有一部分,尤其是海面和近海水域,人类活动的影响却日益显著,因为90%的海洋生物都聚集在此。这种现象也是不足为奇的。人类已经改变了地貌和大气,如果说海洋还没有受到影响那就太奇怪了,何况几百年来海洋都是食品仓库、运输方式、垃圾处理场,近来又成为休闲娱乐场所。
无论如何,人类必须做出改变,这是显而易见的。惟有当人类数量屈指可数、对海洋开发需求寥寥无几,完全不用化石燃料时,人类才可以拍着胸脯认为海洋资源用之不竭。但对于一个人口达到67亿,2050即将达到90亿的世界,我们没有那本钱了。发生大规模灾难的可能性实在太大了。

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