上海曹杨二中2017-2018学年度第二学期
高三英语周测试卷
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, u one word that best fits each blank.
Talking with—Not Just to—Kids Powers How They Learn Language
Children from the poorer families begin life not only with material disadvantages but cognitive ones. Decades of rearch (1)____________(confirm) this, including a famous 1995 finding by psychologists Betty Hart and Todd Risley: By age four children rais
ed in poverty have heard 30 million fewer words, on average, than their peers from wealthier families. That gap has been linked to shakier language skills at the start of school, (2)____________, in turn, predicts weaker academic performance.
But just the quantity of words a toddler hears is not the most significant influence on language acquisition. Growing evidence has led rearchers to conclude quality matters more than quantity, and (3)____________(valuable)什么枪最厉害 quality ems to be back-and-forth communication—what rearchers call conversational turns.
A paper (4)____________(publish) last week in Psychological Science brings a new kind of support to this idea, offering the first evidence that the exchanges play a vital role in the development of Broca’s area, the brain region most cloly associated with producing speech. Further, the amount of conversational turns a child experiences daily outweighs socioeconomic status in predicting (5)____________ activity in Broca’s area and the child’s language skills.
The rearchers confirmed the classic 1995 finding that, overall, kids from wealthier famili
es hear more words. And small (6)____________ their sample was, they even confirmed the 30-million-word gap between the poorest and richest children. But they found that “by far the biggest driver for brain development was not the number of words spoken (7)____________ the conversations,” Gabrieli says.
The rearchers calculated that a child’s verbal ability score incread (8)____________ one point for every additional 11 conversational exchanges per hour.
The study is a “very, very important” addition (9)____________ a growing body of work, says developmental psychologist Kathryn Hirsh-Pak, director of the Infant Language Laboratory at Temple University. “We have known for quite a while that conversational turns—or (10)____________ in my work we call conversational duets—are very important for building a foundation for language and maybe for learning generally. What hadn’t been done is to link it where we knew it had to be linked—to changes in the brain.”
【答案】
1. have confirmed
2. which
3. the most valuable
4. published
5. both
6. as/though
授权协议7. but
8. by
9. to
10. what
【分析】
1. 考察谓语动词时态语态。根据后面的句子中的时态“That gap has been linked”及主语“Decades of rearch（数十年的研究）”判断应该用现在完成时，且主动。
2. 考察非限制性定语从句。“这一差距与上学初期不稳定的语言技能有着联系，而这反过来又预示着较差的学习成绩”，先行词language skills，在定从中做主语，故只能which。
3. 月夜杜甫赏析考察最高级：“但是，仅仅是一个蹒跚学步的孩子听到的单词数量并不是对语言习得的最重要的影响。越来越多的证据表明，研究人员得出的结论是质量比数量更重要，而最有价值的品质似乎是来回交流，研究人员称之为“对话转换”。”
4. 考察非谓语：该句已经有谓语动词brings，publish是做后置定语，且被动。
5. 考察代词。在预测in Broca’s area的活动及孩子语言技能方面，这是两方面，故both。
案头工作6. 考察连词。后面主句中有even表面逗号前后是转折关系，且从句中的表语small提前，表明倒装了，所以只能用as/though。
7. 考察介词：“但是他们发现，到目前为止，大脑发育的最大驱动力并不是说的话的数量而是对话的数量”，不是…而是…notscp范式…but…
8. 考察介词：“…孩子的语言能力得分就会增加1分”。表程度用by。
9. 考察介词：a “very, very important” addition to sth. 对水煮鱼片用什么鱼…的非常重要的补充…。根据add…to...得出。
10.考察连词：此题较难，所缺连词的从句在句中做主语从句，且和第二段的“and (23)____________(valuable) quality ems to be back-and-forth communication—what rearchers call conversational turns.”中的这个结构一样，故填what。
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be ud once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. obedience B. adapted C. conflict D. received E. will F. stranded
手串颗数的含义G. supervision H. harmony I. interpreted J. exception K. pursuit
Lord of the Flies
Lord of the Flies is a 1954 novel by Nobel Prize-winning British author William Golding. The book focus on a group of British boys 脚底发麻(1)__________ on an uninhabited island and their disastrous attempt to govern themlves.
The novel has been critically well (2)__________. It was named in the Modern Library 100 Best Novels, reaching number 41 on the editor's list, and 25 on the reader's list. In 2005 Time magazine named it as one of the 100 best English-language novels from 1923 to 2005.
Published in 1954, Lord of the Flies was Golding's first novel. Although it was not a great success at the time, it soon went on to become a best-ller. It has been (3)__________ for film twice in English, in 1963 by Peter Brook and 1990 by Harry Hook.
