万和电热水器故障一览companycorporationfirmconcern四词的⽐较
泽泻的副作用company
1. a corporation — or, less commonly, an association, partnership, or union — that carries on a commercial or industrial enterpri
2. a corporation, partnership, association, joint-stock company, trust, fund, or organized group of persons, whether incorporated or not, and (in an official capacity) any receiver, trustee in bankruptcy, or similar official, or liquidating agent, for any of the foregoing
[Bryan A. Garner, Black’s Law Dictionary, 8th Edition, West Group (2004).]
corporation
an entity (usu. a business) having authority under law to act as a single person distinct from the shareholders who own it and having rights to issue stock and exist indefinitely; a group or succession of persons established in accordance with legal rules into a legal or juristic person that has legal personality distinct from the natural persons who make it up, exists indefinitely apart from them, and has the legal powers that its constitution gives it
同一首歌蔡国庆[Bryan A. Garner, Black’s Law Dictionary, 8th Edition, West Group (2004).]
an invisible, intangible, artificial creation of the law existing as a voluntary chartered association of individuals that has most of the rights and duties of natural persons but with perpetual existence and limited liability
可爱名字昵称[Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of Law ©1996. Merriam-Webster, Incorporated.]
firm
1. the title under which one or more persons conduct business jointly
2. the association by which persons are united for business purpos. Traditionally, this term has referred to a partnership, as oppod to a company. But today it frequently refers to a company.磅礴的反义词
机械工程导论[Bryan A. Garner, Black’s Law Dictionary, 8th Edition, West Group (2004).]
1: the name or title under which a company transacts business
2: a partnership of two or more persons that is not recognized as a legal person distinct from the members composing it
苏轼惠崇春江晚景
3: a business unit or enterpri
[Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of Law ©1996. Merriam-Webster, Incorporated.]
concern
曰本人
a commercial or industrial enterpri and the people who constitute it
宋雷⽼师认为，company、corporation和firm三词均有“公司”之义。鉴于在英国公司法被称为company law，因此在英国，company常⽤作指已经登记注册的正式公司，包括⼤公司在内。⽽在美国，公司法被称为corporation law或corporate
law，因⽽美国⼈多视corporation为按公司法正式注册登记成⽴的⼤公司，⽽视company为规模较⼩或不甚正式的公司，故我们对company和corporation的理解应依照英、美两国不同的国情⽽定。以往，firm多指合伙企业或未按公司法规定的程序⽽正式成⽴的实体或企业，其多不是具有完全法⼈资格的独⽴实体，这在破产法上尤为重要，尽管现在其也常被⽤于
指company。
在我看来，排除宋雷⽼师所说的英美两国的理解差异，在美国，corporation多指按公司法登记注册成
⽴的股份有限公司；⽽company⼀词应⽤更为⼴泛，除可表⽰依公司法登记注册成⽴的股份有限公司外，还可表⽰其它的合伙企业、⾮法⼈企业等。Firm原来常⽤于指合伙企业，现在也常⽤于指company。Concern则常常⽤于指个⼈的、家族式的⼩企业或商号。
