美国文学期末考试复习必备（精）
1. What’s Puritanism?
A religious and political movement which appeals to the right of the individual to political & religious independence. It includes three parts: a code of values, a point of view & a philosophy of life
2. What are the basic Puritan beliefs?
1). Total Depravity 2). Unconditional Election 3). Limited Atonement 4). Irresistible Grace 5). Perverance of the "saints"
电脑工具栏3. What are American Puritan values?
Sobriety thrift, Self-reliance Diligence, Struggle, simple tastes
4. What are the features of American literature in the Colonial Period?
A. Humble origins: diaries, journals, histories, letters.日本电影大全 Its various forms, occupy a major position in the literature of the early colonial period.
B. in content: rving either god or colonial expansion or both
C. in form: imitating English literary traditions.
D. in style: tight and logic structure, preci and compact expression, avoidance of rhetorical decoration, adoption of homely imagery and simplicity of diction.
E. Symbolism formed in this period ------To the pious Puritan, the physical, phenomenal world was nothing but a symbol of God.
F. Simple, fresh and direct style
G. the Puritanism formed in this period was one of the most enduring shaping influences in American thought and American literature.
5. What are the features of Washington Irving’s works?狗女
(1) Gentility, urbanity, pleasantness (2) Avoiding moralizing – amusing and entertaining (3) Enveloping stories in an atmosphere (4) Vivid and true characters (5) Humor – smiling while reading (6) Musical language
6. What is theme of “Rip Van Winkle”?
①it reveals conrvative attitude of Irving. ②it might be an illustration of Irving’s argument that revolution upt the natural order of things.
A. The story of man who has difficulties facing his advancing age;
B.The contradictory impuls in America toward work-the puritan attitude as oppod to America desire for leisure;
C .The theme of escape from one's responsibilities and even one's history;
D .The loss of identity.
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7. What are the author’s attitude changes?
It reveals conrvative attitude of Irving and he is Unwilling to accept a modern democratic America and prefers the past & a dream-like world
8. What’s New England Transcendentalism?
Transcendentalism is the summit of the Romantic Movement in the history of American literature in the 19th century. Transcendentalism has been defined philosophically as “the recognition（认知） in man of the capacity of knowing truth intuitively（直觉地）”. Transcendentalists place emphasis on the importance of the Over-soul, the individual and Nature.
9. What are its basic assumptions?
The intuitive faculty, instead of the rational or nsical, became the means for a conscious union of the individual psyche with the world psyche also known as the Over soul, life-force, prime mover and God
10. What are Allan Poe’s poetics theories?
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The poetry should appeal only to the n of beauty, not truth, and ts himlf against realistic details in poetry. He makes good u of a number of poetic devices to create a mood appropriate to the theme of his poems.
11. Why was Nathaniel Hawthorne a master of symbolism?
He us concrete objects as well as characters to rve as his symbols. He likes to us masks, veils, shadows to give dramatic forms to the universal dilemmas of humanity
12. What is the theme of Hawthorne’s novel The Scarlet Letter?
It Condemned the Puritan philosophy of life.
Sin, knowledge and human condition; the nature of evil; identity and society
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4. What is the symbolic meaning of the Scarlet Letter “A”?
A.” Adultery", a token of shame B. a sign of Hester's "ability“
C. "Angel" appearing in the sky D.”Adamic", since the sin is prehistoric and human鼠标左键点击没反应 E .the rising “America"
13. What story is told in Moby-Dick?
It is a thrilling adventure story which is the realistic about a whaling voyage within which is t a symbolic account of the conflict between man and his fate.
14. What is the symbolic meaning of Moby-Dick?
1) Mystery of the univer, 2) power of grant nature, 3) evil of the world
4) Its whiteness-paradoxical color: death and corruption, purity, innocence and youth.
15. What are the popular themes of Emily Dickinson’s poetry?
Death, love, friendship, nature, immortality.水瓶座和狮子座
