第一篇Let There Be Dark.
Prompt:
As you read the passage below, consider how Paul Bogard us
∙evidence, such as facts or examples, to support claims.
国际禁毒日∙reasoning to develop ideas and to connect claims and evidence.
∙stylistic or persuasive elements, such as word choice or appeals to emotion, to add power to the ideas expresd.
Adapted from Paul Bogard, “Let There Be Dark.” ©2012 by Los Angeles Times.Originally published December 21, 2012.
1.At my family‘s cabin on a Minnesota lake, I knew woods so dark that my hands disappeared before my eyes. I knew night skies in which meteors left smoky trails across sugary spreads of stars. But now, when 8 of 10 children born in the United States will never know a sky dark enough for the Milky Way, I worry we are rapidly losing night‘s natural darkness before realizing its worth. This winter solstice, as w
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e cheer the days‘ gradual movement back toward light, let us also remember the irreplaceable value of darkness.
2.All life evolved to the steady rhythm of bright days and dark nights. Today, though, when we feel the cloness of nightfall, we reach quickly for a light switch. And too little darkness, meaning too much artificial light at night, spells trouble for all.
3.Already the World Health Organization classifies working the night shift as a probable human carcinogen, and the American Medical Association has voiced its unanimous support for ―light pollution reduction efforts and glare reduction efforts at both the national and state levels.‖Our bodies need darkness to produce the hormone melatonin, which keeps certain cancers from developing and our bodies need darkness for sleep. Sleep disorders have been linked to diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular dia and depression, and recent rearch suggests one main cau of
―short sleep‖is ―long light.‖Whether we work at night or simply take our tablets, notebooks and smart phones to bed, there isn‘t a place for this much artificial light in our lives.
4.The rest of the world depends on darkness as well, including nocturnal and crepuscular species of birds, incts, mammals, fish and reptiles. Some examples are well known—the 400 species of birds
that migrate at night in North America, the a turtles that come ashore to lay their eggs—and some are not, such as the bats that save American farmers billions in pest control and the moths that pollinate 80% of the world‘s flora. Ecological light pollution is like the bulldozer of the night, wrecking habitat and disrupting ecosystems veral billion years in the making. Simply put, without darkness, Earth‘s ecology
5.In today‘s crowded, louder, more fast-paced world, night‘s darkness can provide solitude, quiet and stillness, qualities increasingly in short supply. Every religious tradition has considered darkness invaluable for a soulful life, and the chance to witness the univer has inspired artists, philosophers and everyday stargazers since time began. In a world awash with electric light…how would Van Gogh have given the world his ―Starry Night‖? Who know that this vision of the night sky might inspire in each of us, in our children or grandchildren?
6.Yet all over the world, our nights are growing brighter. In the United States and Western Europe, the amount of light in the sky increas an average of about 6% every year. Computer images of the United Sates at night, bad on NASA photographs, show that what was a very dark country as recently as the 1952 is now early covered with a blanket of light. Much of this light is wasted energy, which means wasted dollars. Tho of us over 35 are perhaps among the last generation to have kn
own truly dark nights. Even the northern lake where I was lucky to spend my summers has en its darkness diminish.
7.It doesn‘t h ave to be this way. Light pollution is readily within our ability to solve, using new lighting technologies and shielding existing lights. Already, many cities and towns across North America and Europe are changing to LED streetlights, which offer dramatic possibilities for
controlling wasted light. Other communities are finding success with simply turning off portions of their public lighting after midnight. Even Paris, the famed ―city of light,‖ which already turns off its monument lighting after , will this summer start to require its shops, offices and public buildings to turn off lights after Though primarily designed to save energy, such reductions in light will also go far in addressing light pollution. But we will never truly address the problem of light pollution until we become aware of the irreplaceable value and beauty of the darkness we are losing.(697 words)
Assignment:Write an essay in which you explain how Paul Bogard builds an argument to persuade his audience that natural darkness should be prerved. In your essay, analyze how Bogard us one or more of the features in the directions that precede the passage (or features of your own choic
木偏旁的字e) to strengthen the logic and persuasiveness of his argument. Be sure that your analysis focus on the most relevant features of the passage.
Your essay should not explain whether you agree with Bogard‘s claims, but rather explain how Bogard builds an argument to persuade his audience.
最好听的音乐Sample Essay 1: 3-3-3324陇西河
八方各异气
In Paul Bogard‘s article ―Let there be dark‖ he‘s building an argument to persuade his audience to prerve natural darkness. Bogard builds his argument in a few different ways. Bogard us a personal story, appeals to people‘s emotions, and states benefit s of natural darkness.
By using a personal story Bogard allows his audience to connect to him. If his audience can relate or even understand his story they will be more willing to agree with him. The personal story also shows that the issue of prerving natural darkness isn‘t just another topic to write about but something that he is actually passionate for. In his personal story Bogard us great imagery making the audience picture what he saw and maybe make them want to experience it too.
Bogard us p athos by stating examples that appeal to people‘s emotions. In the article he wrote―
Tho of us over 35 are perhaps among the last generation to have known truly dark nights.‖ This statement appeals more to the younger generation‘s emotion. By stating this people who are younger then 35 might feel that they were robbed of the opportunity to experience the real beauty of natural darkness. This would probably help his younger audience to agree with him becau they might want the chance to e the real beauty of natural darkness.
Bogard writes about the benefits that natural darkness actually produces. In the article he talks about how darkens actually helps the body produce a hormone that keeps certain cancers from developing. He also includes how darkness helps and is necessary for certain animals. The examples will help his audience e that he is arguing for some beneficial for people. This also helps appeal to an audience that might not care for the beauty of darkness but care for their own personal health.
Bogard us different features in order to persuade his audience. The different features also help him in appealing to a broader audience.
This respon scored a 3/3/3.
Sample Essay 2: 4-4-4 593
In respon to our world‘s growing reliance on artificial light, writer Paul Bogard argues that natural darkness should be prerved in his article ―Let There be dark‖. He effectively builds his argument by using a personal anecdote, allusions to art and history, and rhetorical questions.
Bogard starts his article off by recounting a personal story –a summer spent on a Minnesota lake where there was ―woods so dark that [his] hands disappeared before [his] eyes.‖ In telling this brief anecdote, Bogard challenges the audience to remember a time where they could fully amass themlves in natural darkness void of artificial light. By drawing in his readers with a personal encounter about night darkness, the author means to establish the potential for beauty, glamour, and awe-inspiring mystery that genuine darkness can posss. He builds his argument for the prervation of natural darkness by reminiscing for his readers a first-hand encounter that proves the
―irreplaceable value of darkness.‖ This anecdote provides a baline of sorts for readers to find cr edence with the author‘s claims.
Bogard‘s argument is also furthered by his u of allusion to art –Van Gogh‘s ―Starry Night‖ – and modern history –Paris‘ reputation as ―The City of Light‖. By first referencing ―Starry Night‖, a painting generally considered to be undoubtedly beautiful, Bogard establishes that the natural magni
ficence of stars in a dark sky is definite. A world abnt of excess artificial light could potentially hold the key to a grand, glorious night sky like Van Gogh‘s according to the writer. This urges the readers to weigh the disadvantages of our world consumed by unnatural, vapid lighting. Furthermore, Bogard‘s alludes to Paris as ―the famed ‗city of light‘‖. He then goes on to state how Paris has taken steps to exerci more sustainable lighting practices. By doing this, Bogard creates a dichotomy between Paris‘ traditionally alluded-to name and the reality of what Paris is becoming –no longer ―the city of light‖, but moreso ―the city of light…before 2 AM‖. This furthers his line o f argumentation becau it shows how steps can be and are being taken to prerve natural darkness. It shows that even a city that is literally famous for being constantly lit can practically address light pollution in a manner that prerves the beauty of both the city itlf and the univer as a whole.
爱德华滋Finally, Bogard makes subtle yet efficient u of rhetorical questioning to persuade his audience that natural darkness prervation is esntial. He asks the readers to consider ―what the vision of the n ight sky might inspire in each of us, in our children or grandchildren?‖ in a way that brutally plays to each of our emotions. By asking this question, Bogard draws out heartfelt ponderance from his readers about the affecting power of an untainted night sky. This rhetorical question tugs at the read
健康定义ers‘ heartstrings; while the reader may have en an unobscured night skyline before, the possibility that their child or grandchild will never get the chance sways them to e as Bogard es. This strategy is definitively an appeal to pathos, forcing the audience to directly face an emotionally-charged inquiry that will surely spur some kind of respon. By doing this, Bogard develops his argument, adding guttural power to the idea that the issue of maintaining natural darkness is relevant and multifaceted.
