Figure of speech（修辞格）
1.rembling similarities:
Simile明喻
shock什么意思作用：用作描述时，it can produce a vivid picture of a person, an odject, an activity, a phenomenon
例句：He is like a wolf in sheep's clothing.
用作阐述论点时，it can help you turn an abstract principle into something easy to understand.
例句：Habit may be likened to a cable; every day we weave a thread, and soon we cannot break it.
Metaphor暗喻
作用：同明喻
例句：He is a wolf in sheep's clothing.
Analogy类比
作用：阐述论点时，it can turn an abstract concept into something concrete, or make an abstract idea plain and easily comrehensible
用作说服时，it can make the persuasion easy-going and convincing
例句：As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country.
Allegory讽喻
作用： 用具体阐述抽象u a concrete figure to illustrate an abstract idea, helping the reader realize the truth or theory
例句：No ro without a thorn.
Personificaiton拟人
作用：make one's point with extraordinary emphasis and intensify the reader's expression; can turn an abstract concept or phenomenon into a clear concrete figure
笑话儿童例句：The wind whistled through the trees.
The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.
Zoomy拟物
作用：can be ud to express various feelings and attitudes of the speaker or writer
例句：He slept like a dog.
2. substitution：
Metonymy借代/换喻
作用：ud a certain feature or a certain context stands for that type of people
例句：The grey hair should be respected.
The boy was brought up on the bottle.
I had the muscle, and they made money out of it.
Synecdoche提喻
作用：u a part for the whole or the whole for a part
例句：He is the Newton of the century.
Two heads are better than one
Antonomasia换称
作用： u a proper name专有名词 for an idea
例句：to meet one's Waterloo
Allusion典故
和换称相似
Hyperbole夸张
作用：exaggerate the fact or state of affairs
He almost died laughing.
Understatement低调陈述
例句：This problem is not above us.
Euphemism委婉
例句：He is out visiting the necessary.
Periphrasis
3. playing double meanings:
Pun双关
例句：If we don't hang together, we shall hang parately.
骆驼祥子中心思想What does that lawyer do after he dies? Lie still.
Irony反讽
例句："Of cour, you only carry large notes, no small change on you." the waiter said to the beggar.
Oxymoron矛盾修饰法
例句：The state of this hou is cheerless welcome.
This is a victorious defeat.
Transferred Epithet转移修饰法
例句：And the first tenor singing of the passionate throat of a young workers, who has since drunk himlf to death.
Do you think I will have blood money?
There is a suprid silence in the classroom.
Syllepsis一语双叙
He lost the game and his temper.
The man stood in a high place and a high manner.
Zeugma轭式搭配
例句：The sun shall not burn you by day, nor the moon by night.
4. repetition
Alliteration头韵
例句：How and why he had come to Princeton, New Jery is a story of struggle, success, and sadness.
Peter piper picked a peck of picking pepper.
Assonance母韵
例句：It's fair and square affair from the beginning to the end.
Consonance尾韵
例句：April showers bring May flowers.
5. imitation
Parody仿拟
例句：A friend in need is a friend to be avoided.
Onomatopoeia拟声
例句：Prently there came the click of high-heeled shoes.
6. handling contrastive and coordinated structures
Parallelism平行结构
例句：No one can be perfectly free till all are free; no one can be perfectly moral till all are moral; no one can be perfectly happay till all are happy.
Antithesis平行对照
藿香的功效>大头儿子
例句：Give me liberty, or give death.
More haste, less speed.
艺术标准三
逻辑logos
情感pathos
人格ethos
修辞三等级
词语选择lecting words and phras
句式变化eking ntence variety
组段谋篇writing paragraphs and arrange paragraphs into a complete text
选词五原则
准确exactness
简洁economy
新颖freshness
生动vividness
恰当approriateness
句式类型
从功能分，有
陈述句declarative ntence
疑问句interrogative ntence
祈使句imperative ntence
感叹句exclamatory ntencewin10睡眠
从结构分，有
简单句simple ntence
复合句compound ntence
复杂句complex ntence
复合复杂句compound-complex ntence
其他，有
渐进句cumulative ntence（层层递进）
分销渠道设计
松散句loo ntence（两个句子可以互相调换并且不影响本意）
掉尾句periodic ntence（结论重点在句尾）
运筹学教程突降句anticlimactic ntence（要避免使用这种句子）
反问句rhetorical question（不需要回答的句子）
长短句使用方法
一系列短句：用于描述故事中紧张或戏剧性的情节（speed，ten，dramatic，story）
一系列长句中用单个短句：改变节奏，若在句尾，其强调作用，精辟的总结（change rhythm, emphasis,pithy summation）
长句：适合细节描述，解释和辩论
让想法流动起来
连接词
转折：but, however, nvertheless, by contrast, in spite of this, on the
