9A Unit 4 Growing up 单元复习归纳
一、重点词汇
[单词]
time n时期，时代whenever conj.无论何时
through prep.以，凭借deal n．很多
junior n.〔美〕初级中学score优．&扰．得分
nior n.〔美〕高级中学stand n．看台
leader n．领导者university,n．大学
simply adv.仅仅；简直national adj.国家的
championship n．锦标赛，大赛succeed vi．成功
scholarship n．奖学金although conj.尽管，虽然
graduate vi．毕业force vt．强迫，迫使
league n．联盟remain vi．逗留；保持不变achievement n，成就，成绩prove vt，证明
matter vi，要紧，有重大影响medal n．奖牌，奖章
career n．生涯，职业against prep.与……相反
平均智商record n.记录symbol n．象征
victory n.胜利spirit n．幽灵；精神；灵魂
Jew n．犹太人Nazi adj.纳粹的
German adj.德国〔人〕的Nazi n．纳粹分子
thought n．想法，看法，主意hope n．希望
admire vt．钦佩，羡慕courage n．勇气
peace n．和睦；和平；安宁
unusual adj.不寻常的，不平常的cell n．细胞
cancer n．癌症surpri n．惊奇，诧异
rearch n，研究；调查death n．死，死亡
[词组]
1．grow up长大
2．on one's mind挂在心上；惦记
3．wake up唤醒 4.leam about了解
5．a great deal of许多；大量
6．try out for sth参加……选拔〔或试演〕
7. lo heart泄气；灰心8．from then on从那以后
9．change one's mind改变主意
10. junior college两年制专科学校
11．as a result结果
12. succeed in doing sth成功地做某事
13. be interested in对……感兴趣
14. take notice of注意；察觉
15. give up放弃16. go jogging慢跑
17. feel tired out感到精疲力竭
18. be crazy about对……感到疯狂
19. bee rious about对……严肃
20. take part in参加21. break out爆发
22. becau of因为23. lo one's life失去生命
24. translate into翻译25. all over the world全世界
26．die of/from死于27. write down写下
28. in fear of his life为生命安全担忧
29. to one's surpri令某人惊奇的是
30. in one's fifties在某人五十几岁时
31. be willing to乐意做某事
32. in need需要33. donate to捐赠
二、重要句型
1.Books allow me to learn about people in differenttimes and places,and I can read them whenever I want to.书籍允许我去了解不同时代和不同地域的人们，我想要什么时候读就可以什么时候读.
<1> allow作动词：
①allow作"允许〞或"许可〞讲，常搭用动词不定式短语作宾语补足语即,allow sb to do sth"允许某人做某事〞.
My boss doesn't allow me to u the telephone.
我的老板不允许我用.
②allow作"许可〞,"允许〞讲，只可搭配动名词短语作宾语，不可直接搭用动词不定式作宾补，即只可说allow doing sth，不可说allow to do sth.
They allowed smoking in this room only.
他们只允许在这间屋子里抽烟.
③allow还常与out,in,up等副词搭配使用，即allow sb in/out/up等.
She won't allow the children in until they've wiped their shoes.直到孩子们把鞋擦干净，她才让他们进来.
<2>whenever作连词，意为"无论什么时候；随时；无论何时〞.同义词为no matter when.
You can ask for help whenever you need it.
你如果需要帮助随时可以提出来.
[归纳]特殊疑问词+ ever意为"无论……〞.
whatever是无论什么wherever是无论在哪里
whenever是无论何时whichever是无论哪个
2.I like to learn about the world through the Internet.我喜欢通过因特网来了解世界.
through作介词：
①通过，凭借〔方法手段〕，经由.
He became rich through hard work and ability.
他通过努力工作和能力变得有钱.
②从……中通过；贯穿，穿过〔强调丛物体内部或一定范围内〕，透过.
We started to push our way through crowds of children.
我们开始从孩子群里挤过去.
③由于，因为……的关系.
He failed through lack of experience.
他由于缺少经验而失败.
④自始至终；从头到尾／底.
The children are too young to sit througha long concert.
孩子们太小不能一直坐到长长的音乐会结束.
[辨析l]through和across
When you go across the street,plea be careful.
当你横越街道时，小心点.
[辨析2]through和by表示"通过〞时,through后常加名词表示手段媒介，而by后常加工具具体名词以与-ing形式，如：
He got that job through his uncle.
他通过叔叔得到工作.
You can succeed by working hard.
你通过努力工作才能成功.
3.There's a great deal of information as soon as you click the mou.你一点击鼠标就会有大量的信息. [辨析]a great deal of, many, much, a lot of<lots of>和plenty of均可表示"许多；大量的〞.
4. He was very small-much smaller than the other kids at school．他很矮——比学校里的其他孩子要矮不少.
smaller为形容词的比较级，比较级前可以加much,a little,quite和even等副词表示程度或加强比较.如：Shanghai is much bigger than my hometown.
##比我的家乡大多了.
5. As a result,he succeeded ingetting a scholarship.作为结果，他成功地得到了奖学金.
<1>as a result意为"作为……的结果〞.
He was late as a result of the snow.
由于大雪，他迟到了.
<2>succeed作动词，意为"成功〞.其常见短语为succeed in doing sth意为"成功地做某事〞.
He succeeded in doing his work.
他成功地做了自己的工作.
6. Although he wasa great player at university,theNBA was not interested in him becau all its players were more than 20 cm taller than he was．尽管他是在大学里是很棒的球员，但是NBA对他没有兴趣，因为NBA的球员都比他高20厘米.
<1> although做连词，意为"虽然；尽管〞，同义词为though.
①although< though>和but，就如同becau和so 一样，不可同时用来连接两个句子.
②although= though〔虽然〕；however〔然而；不过〕也可表达同样的意思，但必须放在另一句之首.
★though和however可放句首和句尾；但although不能放句尾.
句型：< Even> Although/Though+附属子句〔原因〕，主要子句〔结果〕．
=主要子句〔结果〕,< even> although/though+附属子句〔原因〕．
=原附属子句〔原因〕．However，原主要子句〔结果〕．
=原附属子句〔原因〕．原主要子句〔结果〕,however/though.
例句：
Even although I left home earlier, I was late for school.
=I was late for school,even though I left home earlier.
=I left home earlier. However, I was late for school.
=I left home earlier. I was late for school,however.
虽然我很早离开家，但是上学迟到了.
<2> university作名词，意为"大学〞；university形式上以元音字母开头，但是以辅音开头，前边使用不定冠词时，用a.
My son studies in a university.
我的儿子在大学学习.
<3> be interested in意为"对……感兴趣〞.
Are you interested in science?
你对科学感兴趣吗？
<4> more than意为"超过；多于〞.同义词为over.
There are more than 25 students in my class.
我们班有超过25名的学生.
7.Through hard work,Spud Webb proved that sizeand body type really does not matter-you can do almost
anything if you never give up．通过努力，斯巴德·韦伯证明高矮胖瘦真的不重要——只要你永不放弃，几乎没有什么做不到的.
句中的matter用作动词，意思是"要紧，有重大影响〞.如：
The job matters more to him than anything el.
对他来说，这份工作比其他什么都重要.
It doesn't matter.没关系.
[拓展] matter可作为名词，意为"麻烦；困难〞.
What's the matter with you?你怎么了？
8．Anne and her elder_______ died of illness.安妮和大_______死于疾病：
[辨析]die of和die from
①die of表示"死于……病〞或冻死、气死，或死于过度悲伤.如：
die of cancer死于癌症die of grief死于忧伤
die of hunger死于饥饿die of anger死于气愤
die of cold死于寒冷
②die from表示死于外伤、事故、劳累过度.如：
die from polluted air死于空气污染
die from overwork死于劳累过度
[归纳] die常用短语
die for one's country为国捐躯die down熄灭、平息
die off绝种、枯死die away消逝、静下来
die a heroic death英勇牺牲
9．My father is in his fifties．我爸爸五十多岁.
<1>表示整十的数词后加s变成复数，用在"in one's+数词复数〞短语中，表示"某人年龄处于某段时间〞.如：
in one's twenties/thirties/forties
在某人二十／三十／四十多岁时
<2>表示整十的数词后加s变成复数，也可以用在"in the+数词复数〞短语中，表示"在某个年代〞.如：
in the venties/eighties/nineties
在七十／八十／九十年代
10. To my surpri,he has decided to donate his body for medical rearch after his death，让我惊讶的是，他已决定死后捐献遗体供医学研究.
<1> to one's surpri意为"令某人惊讶的〞，一般放在句首.
To my surpri,Jim didn't go to school on time.
令我吃惊的是，吉姆没有按时来上学.
<2>donate为动词，意为"捐赠〞.donate sth to sb意为"把某物捐给某人〞.
They donated many things to the poor.
他们给穷人捐赠大量物品.
<3> death
[辨析]die．death和dead
入蜀记三、核心语法
A before,after,when和while引导的时间状语从句
[一语击破]
时间状语从句是指在复合句中充当时间状语的句子.如：
When the weather is good, my grandpa likes going fishing.
味噌汤
当天气好的时候，我爷爷喜欢去钓鱼.
[友情提醒]我们可以用before,after,when和while引导时间状语从句，这些词既可放在句首，也可放在句中.
<1> before表达"在……之前〞，表示主句动作发生在从句动作之前.如：
Clo the windows before you leave the room, plea.
在你离开房间前，请关上窗.
简笔画枫叶
<2> after表达"在……之后〞，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后.如：
I went to school after I finished my breakfast.
我吃完早饭后去上学.
<3>when表达"当……时〞，表示主句动作发生的特定时间.如：
The daysget longer when spring es.
春天到来时，白天变长了.
[友情提醒]when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的，也可以是瞬时性的.
<4> while表达"在……期间〞，表示主句动作发生在从句动作进行的过程中.如：
While the boys were playing football,it rained.
当男孩子们踢足球时，下雨了.
[友情提醒]当主句和从句的主语一致，并且从句中有助动词be时，可以省略主语和动词be，构成while+ -ing结构.如：
While<I am> travelling, I like to buy some souvenirs.
旅游时，我喜欢买纪念品.
<5>while还可以表达"与……同时〞，强调主句动作和从句动作是同时发生的.如：
While my sister was sweeping the floor, I was washing the dishes.我姐姐扫地时，我在洗碗.
[友情提醒]while引导的从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的.
B since,till和until引导的时间状语从句
档案库房
[一语击破]
since,till和until常用来引导时间状语从句.如：
Mr Brown has been in Beijing since you left.
自从你离开，布朗先生就一直待在.
<1>since表达"自从……以来〞.一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时.如：
They have been friends since they were in primary school.
他们从小学起一直是好朋友.
[拓展] since的其他用法：
①since后可接具体的过去的时间点，或者一段时间+
ago.句子使用现在完成时态.如：
The man has worked here since 2012.
自从20##这个人一直工作在这里.
②it is+一段时间+since+一般过去时态.
怎么画火箭It is three days since they came to Shanghai.
他们去##三天了.
[友情提醒]since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，也可以是瞬时动词.
<2> till和until表达"到……为止〞，一般情况下两者可以互换.until可以放在句首或句中，而till不可以用在句首.
[友情提醒]如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式，即"not…until〞结构，表达"直到……才〔开始〕〞，如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定或否定形式都可以.如：
I did not go to bed until I finished my homework.
赵州桥建于哪个朝代直到做完作业我才上床睡觉.
C as soon as和whenever引导的时间状语从句
牛奶蒸鸡蛋的做法<1>我们常用as soon as和whenever引导时间状语从句.如：
