Unit 5 Grammar : Revising the -ing form
▼学习目标：
(1)动词・ing形式作状语可表示：时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随等。
(2)动词・ing形式的完成式：
主动：Having+ p.p.主语+谓语
被动：(Having been) + p.p.主语 + 谓语
I> Read and recite the following ntences.
(1)Having collected and evaluated the information, I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast.
(2)Having worked hard all day, I went to bed early.
(3)Having earlier collected special clothes from the obrvatory, we put them on befo
re we went any clor
(4)Having studied volcanoes now for many years, I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cau great damage.
II、Examine the ntences below and tell the similarity and difference between the two ntences.
(1)Looking carefully at the ground，I made my way to the edge of the crater. The -ing form ud as an adverbial
(2)Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already，I didn^t take much notice. having + past participle (the perfect -ing form) referring to an action that took place before the time expresd by
the main verb
III 讲解总结:The -ing form can be ud as an adverbial in a ntence to give informa
tion about time, reasons or results. We u the construction having + past participle to refer to an action that took place before the time expresd by the main verb.
1- -ing奇葩故事形式作状语
用法 | 例句 |
时间 | Walking along the street, I met Mary. (= While I was walking along the street, I...)在街上走的时候，我遇到了玛丽。 |
原因 | Being tired, I stopped to take a rest. (= Becau I was tired, •••) 因 为疲倦，我停下来休息。 |
条件 | Turning to the left, you will find the school. (= If you turn to the left,...)向左走，你就会找到那所学校。 |
让步 | Knowing where I live, he never comes to e me. (=Though he knows where I live, ...)尽管他知道我的住处，但从 不来看我。 |
伴随 | I stood there, waiting for her.(=…：and waited for her.)我站在那 儿等她。 |
| 孙雨晴 | |
结果 | 不同班同学It rained heavily, causing vere flooding in the area. (= It rained heavily so that it caud vere flooding in the area>)在这个地方 雨下的如此大，以致引发了洪灾。 |
| |
2. -ing形式的完成式
句 型 | 主 动 | Having + p.p.…，主语+谓语 |
被 动 | (Having been) + p.p.…，主语+谓语 |
用法 | -ing形式的完成式所表示的时间在谓语动词之前 •表不被动，可直接用过去分词 |
例句 | Having finished my work, I went home. (= After I had finished my work,...)工作做完之后，我就回家了。 |
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IV.使用• ing形式需注意的几个问题
（1）V-ing（®语）作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如 果不一致，必须用独立主格结构来表示，也就是在V-ing前面加上它 的逻辑主语。
My wife had a long talk with Sally, explaining why she didn't want the children to play together.
我妻子与莎莉谈了很长时间，解释她为什么不想让孩子们在一起玩。 （explaining是句子主语my wife做的动作，它们之间是主动关系，即 explaining的逻辑主语，就是句子的主语my wife o ）
The train having gone, we had to wait another day.
(the train逻辑主语+ having gone即为独立主格结构)
(2)V-ing短语做状语时，前面可以加上连词或介词，但是V・ing短 语和句子之间不能用并列连词(如but, and),因为并列连词接的是两 个并列成分，而V・ing短语只是全句的一个状语部分，V・ing和主句 之间可用逗号。例如：
误：Having been told many times, but he still couldn^t understand it 语文的魅力正：He had been told many times，西游记之真假美猴王but he still couldn't understand it. 或：Having been told many times, he still couldn^t understand it. -ing的一般式和完成式都可以表示先后接连发生的动作。在可能引起 误解的场合应该用完成式表示先发生的动作。例如：苏宝宝
Opening the drawer, he took out his wallet.
(=He opened the drawer and took out his wallet.)
他打开抽屉，拿出钱包。
Coming into the room, he put down his bag.
描写迎春花的诗句(=He came into the room and put down his bag.)
他走进房间，放下提包。
Having brushed his teeth, Mr< Brown came downstairs for breakfast. 布朗先生刷过牙，就下楼来吃早饭。
(此句如写成：Brushing his teeth, Mr> Brown came downstairs for breakfast.可能指"边刷牙，边下楼”。)
(3)V-ing的否定形式是在其前加上not, never等否定词构成。
Not fearing the fire, the child touched and got a finger burnt.小孩儿 不知道怕火，用手去摸，把手指烫了。
Not knowing how to find the subway，I asked a policeman for help. 我不知怎样找到地铁，就去找警察帮忙。
V. Rewrite the ntences using the prent or the perfect -ing form of the underlined verbs.
LWhen they heard about the volcano they ran down to the village.
Hearing about the volcano, they ran down to the village.
2.After the scientists 蕨菜怎么吃had studied the information they predicted that the lava woul
d flow through the village.
Having studied the information, the scientists predicted that the lava would flow through the village.
3.Becau I had experienced earthquakes before, I wasn^t frightenede
Having experienced earthquakes before, I wasn't frightened.
4.When she woke up in the middle of the night she saw her room was as bright as day.
Waking up in the middle of the night, she saw her room was as bright as day.
5.As soon as we had stopped the car, we put on our protective clothing
Having stopped the car; we immediately put on our protective clothing*
