Unit 1 素养阅读 Stephen Hawking Biography
Scientist, Physicist (1942–2018)
Scientist Stephen Hawking was known for his groundbreaking work with black holes and relativity, and was the author of veral popular science books including 'A Brief History of Time.'
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Who Was Stephen Hawking?
Stephen Hawking (January 8, 1942 to March 14, 2018) was a British scientist, professor and author who performed groundbreaking work in physics and cosmology, and who books helped to make science accessible to everyone. At age 21, while studying cosmology at the University of Cambridge, he was diagnod with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Part of his life story was depicted in the 2014 film The Theory of Everything.
Stephen Hawking’s Books
Over the years, Stephen Hawking wrote or co-wrote a total of 15 books. A few of the most noteworthy include:
叼怎么读'A Brief History of Time'
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In 1988 Hawking catapulted to international prominence with the publication of A Brief History of Time. The short, informative book became an account of cosmology for the mass and offered an overview of space and time, the existence of God and the future. The work was an instant success, spending more than four years atop the London Sunday Times' best-ller list. Since its publication, it has sold millions of copies worldwide and been translated into more than 40 languages.
开心游‘The Univer in a Nutshell’
A Brief History of Time also wasn't as easy to understand as some had hoped. So in 2001, Hawking followed up his book with The Univer in a Nutshell, which offered a more illustrated guide to cosmology's big theories.
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怎么折扇子‘A Briefer History of Time’
In 2005, Hawking authored the even more accessible A Briefer History of Time, which further simplified the original work's core concepts and touched upon the newest developments in the field like string theory.
Together the three books, along with Hawking's own rearch and papers, articulated the physicist's personal arch for science's Holy Grail: a single unifying theory that can combine cosmology (the study of the big) with quantum mechanics (the study of the small) to explain how the univer began. This kind of ambitious thinking allowed Hawking, who claimed he could think in 11 dimensions, to lay out some big possibilities for humankind. He was convinced that time travel is possible, and that humans may indeed colonize other planets in the future.
最近最火好听歌曲‘The Grand Design’
In September 2010, Hawking spoke against the idea that God could have created the uni
ver in his book The Grand Design. Hawking previously argued that belief in a creator could be compatible with modern scientific theories. In this work, however, he concluded that the Big Bang was the inevitable conquence of the laws of physics and nothing more. "Becau there is a law such as gravity, the univer can and will create itlf from nothing," Hawking said. "Spontaneous creation is the reason there is something rather than nothing, why the univer exists, why we exist."
The Grand Design was Hawking's first major publication in almost a decade. Within his new work, Hawking t out to challenge Sir Isaac Newton's belief that the univer had to have been designed by God, simply becau it could not have been born from chaos. "It is not necessary to invoke God to light the blue touch paper and t the univer going," Hawking said.
What Dia Did Stephen Hawking Have?
At the age of 21, Stephen Hawking was diagnod with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, or Lou Gehrig's dia). In a very simple n, the nerves that controlled his mu
scles were shutting down. At the time, doctors gave him two and a half years to live.
Hawking first began to notice problems with his physical health while he was at Oxford—on occasion he would trip and fall, or slur his speech—he didn't look into the problem until 1963, during his first year at Cambridge. For the most part, Hawking had kept the symptoms to himlf. But when his father took notice of the condition, he took Hawking to e a doctor. For the next two weeks, the 21-year-old college student made his home at a medical clinic, where he underwent a ries of tests.
"They took a muscle sample from my arm, stuck electrodes into me, and injected some radio-opaque fluid into my spine, and watched it going up and down with X-rays, as they tilted the bed," he once said. "After all that, they didn't tell me what I had, except that it was not multiple sclerosis, and that I was an atypical ca."
Eventually, however, doctors did diagno Hawking with the early stages of ALS. It was devastating news for him and his family, but a few events prevented him from becoming completely despondent. The first of the came while Hawking was still in the hospital. Th电脑安全设置
ere, he shared a room with a boy suffering from leukemia. Relative to what his roommate was going through, Hawking later reflected, his situation emed more tolerable. Not long after he was relead from the hospital, Hawking had a dream that he was going to be executed. He said this dream made him realize that there were still things to do with his life.
