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If you ever get the impression that your dog can "tell" whether you look content or annoyed, you may be onto something. Dogs may indeed be able to distinguish between happy and angry human faces, according to a new study
Rearchers trained a group of 11 dogs to distinguish between images(图像)of the same person makin
g either a happy or an angry face. During the training stage, each dog was shown only the upper half or the lower half of the person's face. The rearchers then tested the dogs' ability to distinguish between human facial expressions by showing them the other half of the person's face on images totally different from the ones ud in training. The rearchers found that the dogs were able to pick the angry or happy face by touching a picture of it with their nos more often than one would expect by random chance.
The study showed the animals had figured out how to apply what they learned about human faces during training to new faces in the testing stage. "We can rule out that the dogs simply distinguish between the pictures bad on a simple cue, such as the sight of teeth," said study author Corsin Muller. "Instead, our results suggest that the successful dogs realized that a smiling mouth means the same thing as smiling eyes, and the same rule applies to an angry mouth having the same meaning as angry eyes."
"With our study, we think we can now confidently conclude that at least some dogs can distinguish human facial expressions," Muller told Live Science.
At this point, it is not clear why dogs em to be equipped with the ability to recognize different
facial expressions in humans. "To us, the most likely explanation appears to be that the basis lies in their living with humans, which gives them a lot of exposure to human facial expressions," and this exposure has provided them with many chances to learn to distinguish between them, Muller said.
1. The new study focud on whether dogs can_________.
A. distinguish shapes
B. make n of human faces
C. feel happy or angry
D. municate with each other
2. What can we learn about the study from paragraph 2?
A. Rearchers tested the dogs in random order.
B. Diver methods were adopted during training.三年级关联词
C. Pictures ud in the two stages were different
D. The dogs were photographed before the lest.
3. What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A. A suggestion for future studies.
B. A possible reason for the study findings.
C. A major limitation of the study
D. An explanation of the rearch method. 一：重点词汇
语法填空
黄连的作用1．If you ever get the （impress）that your dog can "tell" whether you look content annoyed, you may be onto something.
2．Dogs may indeed be able （distinguish）between happy and angry human faces, according to new study
3．The rearchers then （test）the dogs' ability to distinguish between human facial expressions by （show）them the other half of the person's face on images
totally different from the ones ud in training.
4．With our study, we think we can now （confident）conclude that at least some dogs can distinguish human （face）expressions," Muller told Live Science.
5．.....and this exposure has provided them many chances to learn to distinguish between them, Muller said.
长难句解析
①To us, the most likely explanation appears to be that the basis lies in their living with humans, which gives them a lot of exposure to human facial expressions," and this exposure has provided them with many chances to learn to distinguish between them, Muller said.
翻译：
分析：
②The rearchers then tested the dogs' ability to distinguish between human facial expressions by showing them the other half of the person's face on images totally different from the ones ud in training.
翻译：
分析：
③The rearchers found that the dogs were able to pick the angry or happy face by touching a picture of it with their nos more often than one would expect by random chance.
翻译：
分析：
④Instead, our results suggest that the successful dogs realized that a smiling mouth means the same thing as smiling eyes, and the same rule applies to an angry mouth having the same
meaning as angry eyes."
翻译：
分析：
四：相同话题训练
Passage A
是还是怎么造句As I wash dishe s at the kitchen sink, my husband, Scott, paces behind me, annoyed. “Have you en my keys？” he asks. In the past I would have turned off the tap and joined the hunt while trying to fort my husband. But that only made him angrier. Now, I focus on the wet dish in my hands. I don’t turn around. I don’t say a word. I’m using a technique I learned from a dolphin trainer.
关于战争的小说For a book I was wr iting about animal trainers’ school, I started spending my days watching professional trainers do the emingly impossible: teaching dogs to dance on mand and chimps to skateboard. Eventually it hit me that the same techniques might work on that stubborn but lovable species, the American husband. The central lesson I learned is that I should reward behaviour I like and ignore behaviour I don’t. After all, you don’t get a a lion to balance a ball on the end of its no by talking. The same goes for the American husband.超市招商
I began thanking Scott if he threw one dirty shirt into the laundry basket. If he threw in two, I’d kiss him. I was using what trainers call “approximations”，rewarding the small steps toward learning a whole new behaviour. With Scott the husband, I began to prai every small act every time: if he drove just a mile an hour slower, or was on time for anything.七年是什么婚
去上海旅游I followed the students to Sea World San Diego, where a dolphin trainer introduced me to Least Reinforcing Scenario (L. R. S．). When a dolphin does something wrong, the trainer doesn’t respond in any way. The idea is that any respon, positive or negative, fuels a behaviour. If a behaviour caus no respon, it typically dies away. It was only a matter of time before he was again arching for his keys, at which point I said nothing and kept at what I was doing. It took a lot of discipline to keep my calm, but results were immediate. I felt as if I should throw him a small fish.
