备考指导:成人学位英语词汇易混淆的125个词

更新时间:2023-06-17 05:17:54 阅读: 评论:0

  成⼈本科学位英语考试,除了《成⼈英语三级词汇⼿册》列出的词之外,我们学习词汇时还应注意容易混淆的词。英语中有些词,词形和读⾳相近,但意义却不同;有些同义词,基本意义相同,但内涵的意义有很⼤差异。我们必须在⼴泛阅读的基础上,仔细观察每⼀个词在不同上下⽂中的含义和⽤法,从⽽学会正确使⽤它。
  1.able, capable, competent
  able为常⽤词,指具有做某事所需的⼒量,技巧,知识与时间等,⼀般下效率⽆关,⽤作定语表⽰能⼒超出平均⽔平。如:A cat is able to e in the dark. (猫在⿊暗中能看见东西。)
  capable 指满⾜⼀般要求的能⼒,可以是表现出来的,也可是潜在的,搭配是be capable of +doing。⽤作定语,表⽰的能⼒没有able表⽰的能⼒强。如:He is capable of running a mile in a minute. (他能在⼀分钟内跑完⼀英⾥。)He is a very capable doctor. (他是⼀位很好的⼤夫。)
  competent 指“胜任”,“合格”,或受过专业技术等训练的,但不是超群的能⼒。如:A doctor should be competent to treat many dias. (医⽣应该能治多种病。)
  2.aboard, abroad, board, broad
假分数是什么
  aboard 在船(或飞机,车)上。如:I never went aboard a ship.
  abroad 副词,在国外或海外。如:He often goes abroad.
  board 为动词,上(船,飞机,车)。如:The pasngers are boarding the plane now.
  broad 为形容词,宽⼴的。如:He has very broad shoulders.
  3.accept, receive
  accept 接受,receive“接到”,“收到”。如:I received an invitation yesterday, but I didn’t accept it. (昨天我收到了⼀个请柬,但并没有接受邀请。)
  4.accident, incident, event
  accident事故。如:a traffic accident (交通事故)
  incident“附带事件”,在政治上特指引起国际争端或战争的事件,事变。
  event “事件”,指特别重要的事件,通常是由以前的努⼒⽽产⽣的结果,也指国家和社会的事件。
  5. accomplish, complete, finish, achieve, attain
  accomplish表成功,强调完成的结果⽽不是过程。如:Becau of his hard word, things are accomplished. (由于他的努⼒,事情都已完成了。)
  complete 表⽰积极的完成,更具体地指建筑、⼯程等的完成。如:Has he complete his novel yet? (他的⼩说写完了吗?)
  finish 最常⽤,后接动词的-ing形式,表⽰在⼀个活动的连续过程中完成了最后的⼀步或阶段。如:I’ll finish the job alone. (我要独⾃完成这项⼯作。)
  achieve 完成,实现,强调通过努⼒⽽达到⽬的。如:You will achieve success if you work hard.
  Attain达到,实现,常⽤于⼀般⼈的能⼒不易达到的⽬的。如:Greater efforts are needed before we can attain our goals.
  6.accurate, correct, exact, preci
  accurate准确的,精确的。如:Clocks in railway stations should be accurate.(⽕车站的钟应该是准确的。)
  correct“正确的”,指符合⼀定的标准或准则,含有“⽆错误的”意味。它的反义词是incorrect, wrong.
  exact“精确的”,“恰好的”,⽐“⼤体上正确”更进⼀步,表“丝毫不差”。它的反义词是inexact。
  preci强调“精确”,“精密”。
  7.accu, charge, sue
  accu 指责,指控,常与of 搭配。如:His boss accud him of carelessness.
  charge 常与with搭配。如:The police charged the driver with reckless driving.
  sue 常与for 搭配。如:Smith sued his neighbor for damaging his hou.
  8.achieve, acquire, require, inquire
  achieve(成功地)完成,实现。如:He will never achieve anything unless he works harder. (如他不努⼒⼯作,将会⼀事⽆成。)
  acquire取得,获得,学到。如:acquire knowledge (获得知识)
  inquire打听,询问。如:inquire a person’s name(问⼀个⼈的姓名)
  require需要。如:We require more help. (我们需要更多的帮助。)
  9.act, action, deed
  act ⽤作名词时,与action, deed均可表“⾏为”,“举动”。Act指时间较短的个⼈⾏动或⾏为,强调结果。如:The farmer caught the boys in the act of stealing his apples. (农夫在孩⼦们正偷他的苹果时把他们抓住了。)
  action较正式,往往指不⽌包含⼀个步骤,且持续时间较长的⾏为或⾏动,强调⾏为的过程。如:Actions are more important than words. (⾏动⽐语⾔更重要。)
  deed为正式⽤语,多指伟⼤的,显著的,感⼈的⾏为。如:They thanked him for his good deeds. (他们感谢他做的好事。)
  10.actual, true, real, genuine
  actual 意为“实际的”,“现实的”,指所形容的事物在事实上已经发⽣或存在,⽽不是仅在理论上可能发⽣或存在的。
  true“真实的”,指与实际相符,⽽⾮虚假。
  genuine “真的”,“⾮冒充的”,“货真价实的”,强调正宗⽽⾮冒牌。
  11.adequate, enough, sufficient
  adequate ⾜够的,指数量多,适合需要的数量。
西安有什么好玩的地方或者景点  enough⾜够的,指数量多,⾜够满⾜某种⽬的或愿望。
  sufficient同enough,常可互换使⽤。但sufficient指数量多,⾜够满⾜某种需要,在⼝语中常⽤enough,在书⾯语中常⽤sufficient,在不易肯定时多⽤enough。Enough可放在被修饰名词后,且可作副词,sufficient则不可这么⽤。
  12.admit, confess
  两者都表“承认”。
  admit指⼤胆地承认以前试图不论或推诿的坏事。如:John has admitted to breaking the window. (约翰已承认打破了窗玻璃。)
  Confess常指承认错误,罪⾏等。如:The thief confesd his crime to the police. (⼩偷向警察承认了罪⾏。)
  13.advice,advi
  advice劝告(名词)。如:I want to give you some advice.
  advi劝告(动词)。如:What do you advi me to do?
  14.adopt, adapt
  adopt (1)收养。如:Since they have no children of their own, they decided to adopt a little girl. (他们⾃⼰没有孩⼦,所以决定收养⼀个⼩⼥孩。)(2)采纳,采⽤,通过。如:He adopted our suggestion.(他采纳了我们的建议。)
  adopt与adapt词形相近,后者的意思是“使适合”,“改编”等。
  15.advance, proceed, progress
  均可表“前进”。
  advance表向⼀个特定的⽬的地,在⼀定的时间或空间内稳定地向前运动。如:Napoleon’s army advanced on Moscow. (拿破仑的军队向莫斯科挺进。)
  proceed强调从⼀处向另⼀处的运动,常表停顿后继续前进。如:They proceeded from London to Paris. (他们从伦敦往巴黎前进。)
  peogress 多表⾃然过程,指⽣长,发展等稳定地或循环往复地前进。如:The year is progressing, it will soon be summer. (光阴似箭,很快⼜是夏天了。)
  16.advantage, benefit, profit
  advantage 常指⼀种使某⼈处于⽐其他⼈相对有利的地位,机会或时机。如:He had the advantage of good education. (受过良好的教育对他⼗分有利。)
  profit 多指报偿或报偿性的收⼊。如Did you make any profit last year? (你去年赚钱了吗?)
  benefit 指物质利益或精神⽅⾯的好处。如:I get no personal benefit from the business.(我个⼈从这家企业中并不获益。)
前俯后仰的拼音  17.advi, convince, persuade
  均可表“劝说”。
  advi表建议,规劝某⼈应该做某事或如何做。如:He advid me to put my money in the bank. (他劝我把钱存⼊银⾏。)
  convince指向某⼈陈述事实,运⽤推理或逻辑证明使某⼈信服。如:We convinced Smith to go by train rather than plane. (我们说服了史密斯乘⽕车⽽不乘飞机前往。)
  persuade指⽤感情说服某⼈去做某事。如:I persuaded him to go back to work. (我说服他回去⼯作了。)
  18.affect, effect
  affect影响(动词)。如Smoking affects health.
  effect效果,影响(名词)。如:Government policy will not have any effect on us.
  19.afford, provide, supply
  都有“提供,供给”的意思。
  afford⼀般只⽤于抽象事物。
  provide 和supply意思相同,两个词都和with连⽤,构成provide /supply somebody with something的结构。
搜狗招聘
  20.agree, connt
  agree 为常⽤词。如:Do you agree to the condition? (你同意这个条件吗?)
  connt为正式⽤词,多⽤于上下级的关系,表⽰同意别⼈的要求或请求。如:Did the king connt to your plan?(国王同意你的计划吗?)
  21.aid, help, assist
  ⽤作动词均可表“帮助”。
  aid为正式⽤词,help最常⽤。
  assist最正式,表⽰协助某⼈做某事,尤指在体⼒上或具体事务上帮助和扶持。如:She employed a woman to assist her with the houwork. (她雇了⼀名妇⼥帮她做家务。)
  22.alive, living, live
  alive 指虽有死的可能,但仍活着,⼀般只作表语。
  living可⽤于⼈或物,作定语时可前可后。
  live只做前置定语,⽤于动物和个别事物前。
  23.almost, nearly
  ⼀般说来,almost⽐nearly 表⽰的意思更接近“开始”、“完成” (⽬标)等。
  在all, every, always 前,两者都可⽤。如:He is almost (nearly) smoking. (他⼏乎每天抽烟。)
  almost可同never, no, nobody, none, nothing 连⽤,⽽nearly却不能。如:Almost no one believed her. (⼏乎没⼈相信他。)
  24.alone, lonely
  alone只表“独⾃”的客观状态,没有感情⾊彩,只作表语;lonely表“孤独”,:“寂寞”,能作定语和表语。如:When she is left alone, she feels lonely. (剩下她⼀⼈时她就感到寂寞。)
  alone, only均可表“只有”,但alone须置于被修饰词之后,only往往置于被修饰词前。如:He alone (Only he) can remember the story. (只有他才能记起这段经历。)
  25.already, all ready
  already已经(副词)。如:The plane had already landed before we got to the airport.
  all ready准备好的(作表语)。如:We were all ready to leave when the telephone rang.
  26.alter, change
  作不及物动词时,两者可通⽤。
  作及物动词时,alter是对局部,表⾯的改变,⽽change则是对本质的,全⾯的,彻底的改变。如:Can you alter the dress? (你会改做这件⾐服吗?)Can you change the dress?(你能给我更换这件⾐服吗?)
  27.altogether, all together
  altogether总计,总共。如:Altogether there are six of us. (我们总计六⼈。)
  all together 全都在⼀起。如:We played the game all together. (我们⼤家都⼀起来玩游戏吧。)
  28.amaze, astonish, surpri
  都可作及物动词,意思相近,⼀般都是以事物作主语,⼈称作宾语。
  amaze强调“使惊讶”,有时还有“惊叹”,“佩服”等意。
  astonish表⽰“使⼤吃⼀惊”,“⼏乎使⼈⽆法相信”之意。
  surpri只表“出乎意料之外”。
  29.among, between
  among 在……中间(三者或三者以上之间)。如:Our hou is hidden among trees.
  between在两者之间。如:It is easy to distinguish between a Japane and a Chine.
  30.announce, declare
  announce指宣布公众期望或与公众有关的事情,含有预告的意味。如:The government announced that they would pay their debts. (政府宣布将偿还债务。)
  declare指正式负责地宣布,声明,通常⽤于庄重的场合。如:The judge declared him guilty.(法官宣布他有罪。)
  31.annoy, bother, trouble, disturb
  annoy指外界的⼲扰令⼈讨厌或⽆法忍受,或指某⼈故意去妨碍别⼈。
  bother打扰,⿇烦,指给⼈⾏动带来不便或⾝⼼上带来痛苦。如:May I trouble you with a few questions?
  disturb打扰,扰乱,指使正常秩序或⼀时的安定受到破坏,精⼒⼀时不能集中。如:I am sorry to disturb you.
  32.answer, reply, respond
  ⽤作动词,都可表“回答”,“答复”。
  answer是常⽤词,后可接letter(回信),question(回答问题),doorbell(开门),telephone(接电话),advertiment(应征⼴告)等。
  reply较正式,⼀般只作不及物动词,可与to连⽤。如:He has replied to my letter.(他回答了我信中提的问题。)
  respond作“回答”解,⽤得较少,也同to 搭配。如:He quickly responded to the question. (他很快就回答了问题。)
  另外,respond还可表“对……反应”,“响应”。
  33. appreciate, enjoy
  appreciate指对事物有深刻的理解能⼒并能鉴赏。
  enjoy是⼀般⽤语,仅指感官或智⼒上的满⾜,“享受”的意味较强。
  34. approve, prove
  approve(1)赞成,同意。如:I don’t approve of wasting time.(我不赞成浪费时间。)
  (2)批准,通过。如:The minister approved the building plan. 部长批准了建筑计划。
  prove和approve词形相似,prove是“证明”,“表明是”等。
  35. argue, debate, dispute
  argue着重“说理”,“论证”,“企图说明”,且后可接that引导的从句。
  debate着重双⽅各⾃陈述理由,尤其是“公开地”、“正式地”辩论。如:The subject was hotly debated.
  dispute着重就分歧进⾏热烈的“争论”,含有“相持不下”或“未得到解决”的意味。如:He disputed with his wife on houhold expens.
  36. ari, ri, rai
王思聪微信  ari表⽆形的东西(如困难,问题等)“出现”,“发⽣”。
  ri指具体事物的“上升”,“升起”,也是不及物动词。如:The sun ris in the east.(太阳从东边升起。)
南辕北辙的故事
  rai为及物动词,“使……上升”,“举起”等。如:He raid his hand.(他举了⼿。)
  37. assure, ensure, insure
  assure以⼗分肯定的语⽓向别⼈保证某事⼀定会发⽣,后需连⽤⼈称代词或指⼈的名词作宾语。
  ensure表普通的“保证”。
  insure表“保险”,有时同ensure可以换⽤。
  38. awake, wake, waken
朝代歌  都可作动词。
  awake既可及物,也可不及物,多⽤于⽐喻。
  wake常指“睡醒”,多为不及物动词。相映生辉
  waken多⽤作及物动词,常指“吵醒”,“惊醒”。
  39. await, wait
  await是及物动词。如:I await your further instructions.
  wait“等”、“等候”,是不及物动词,后常接介词for。如:I will wait for you at the school gate.
  40. award, prize, reward
  award, reward作动词。award意为“授予(奖品,奖⾦等)”,后⾯可跟双宾语;reward意为“报酬”,“酬谢”,只能跟⼈或以⼈的⾏为作宾语。
  award, prize, reward作名词时,award常指奖⾦,奖品;prize多指在竞赛、竞争中获胜所赢得的奖;reward则指为某项劳动或⾏为所付的酬⾦。
  41. ba, basis

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