六年级下册英语完形填空、阅读理解做题技巧总结 （鲁教版五四）
一、“推理判断法”解答阅读理解题
我们在做阅读理解题时，有时会遇到根据短文内容无法直接找到答案的问题。遇到这种题目时，要找出作者所陈述的细节、事实及能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的句子，并进行符合逻辑的推理。注意不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点，主观臆断。
例：
We have two new students in our school. They are Mike and Tim. They look the same, but they are not twins.
Mike is American. He is twelve. He is in Class Four. He has a little sister. He often (常常)looks after her.
Tim is a Canadian (加拿大人).He is twelve, too. He is in Class One. He likes football. He often plays football with Mike. Mike and Tim are good friends. They are in No. 10 Middle School.
根据短文内容，选择正确答案。
Mike and Tim are .
A. in the same class B. in different schools
C. the same age D. in different grades
答案：C
解析：本文主要介绍了两个学生迈克和蒂姆。他们看起来一样，但他们不是双胞胎，迈克来自美国，蒂姆来自加拿大。由文中介绍迈克的句子He is in Class Four.和介绍蒂姆的句子He is in Class One.可知，他们两个在不同的班级，故A项错误；由文中最后一句They are in No. 10 Middle School.可知，他们在同一所学校，故B项错误；由文中介绍迈克的句子He is twelve.和介绍蒂姆的句子He is twelve, too.可知，他们两个同龄，故C项正确；D项文中没有提及，故排除。
二、“细节理解法”解答阅读理解题
细节理解题主要考察对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力。 我们在阅读文章的过程中， 要特别注意与具体题目相关的事实细节， 并在相关事实细节处做上相应的记号，以便我们对照具体细节题目，印证文章细节，提高解题的准确度。
细节题目一般只针对文章中的某一细节或若干细节及主要事实进行考察， 我们可利用所学的词汇、语法、句型知识及上下文的语境做出判断。
鹰的成语例：
This is my room. The books are in the bookca. The picture of my family is on the wall. My schoolbag is on the chair. And I have a soccer ball. It’s on the floor. A computer is on the desk. Some tapes are behind the computer. And I have a cat. It’s under my bed.
咸鱼表情包
根据短文内容回答下列问题。
1. Where are the books?
2. Where is the computer?
答案：1. They are in the bookca. 2. It is on the desk.
解析： 这是一篇介绍“我的房间”的短文。第1题由短文第二句“ The books re in the bookca.” 这一细节可知书在书橱里；第2题也是考查细节理解，根据 “A computer is on the desk.”可知电脑在书桌上。
三、 “词义猜测法”解阅读理解题
阅读中遇到生词是难免的，所猜词汇可以是生词，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是人称代词的指代内容。借助所学猜测词语的基本方法来猜测、推断、理解陌生词语的词义。这类题一般要求我们理解阅读理解材料中的某个生词的含义，有时是短语或句子的确切含义。要注意三种情况：有的词汇具有一词多义，多义词在不同的语境中意义是不相同的；有的词虽未学过，但在上下文中能够反映出此词的含义。不管属于哪种情况，都可通过多种方法猜测其正确含义。
例：
…On that day, students from different clubs show their talents in different ways（用不同
的方式）. They can sing English songs and draw. They can play the guitar, the violin, the piano and the drums. They can also play chess and show us their swimming skills（技巧）…
What’s the meaning of the underlined word “talents”?
观察物体A. 才艺 B. 节目 C. 活动 D. 歌声
答案：A
解析：这一段短文介绍了来自不同俱乐部学生进行才艺表演的事情。根据后文中学生的一系列活动”唱英语歌、绘画、弹各种乐器、下棋及游泳等“可知前文表示”来自不同俱乐部的学生用不同的方式展示他们的才艺“。故选A。
四、“词义猜测法”解答阅读理解题
词义猜测题是中考阅读理解必考的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们应学会通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及上下文线索等确定词义。
喂母乳不能吃什么
词义猜测题的设题形式有：
1.The underlined word “…”in the cond (third…) paragraph refers to (means) ____.
2.By saying “…” in the first (cond…) paragraph, the author means that ____.
3.In Paragraph…, “…” can be replaced by“____”.
4.The meaning of “…” is related to____.
5.Which of the following has the clost meaning to… (Paragraph…)?
6. The underlined ntence paragraph probably means that____.
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词义猜测题的解题方法有下列几种：
A. 根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测
B. 根据上下文的理解猜测词义
C. 根据转折或对比关系进行猜测
D. 根据因果关系推测
E. 根据同位关系进行推测
F. 根据承接关系进行推测
例：
Your fifteen-year-old sister’s manners are deplorable. You should have been there when she ate at our hou the other night. She kept reaching across the table for everything without even excusing herlf. She burped (打嗝) a dozen times and looked like she was really proud of her achievement. And when we had ice cream for desrt,屏幕保护色 she ate hers with her fingers.
What does “deplorable” mean?
A. awful B. deeply thoughtful
C. cute or pleasing D. enjoying good food
答案：A
解析：通过文章中“She kept reaching across…”对她就餐及餐后一系列行为的描述，可判断出deplorable与awful意思相近。故选A。
五、“主旨大意法”解答阅读理解题
主旨大意题主要考查我们眉头长痘对全文或某一段落整体把握的能力，即对整篇文章的概括能力。考查的题目大多数针对段落(或全文)的主题思想、标题或目的，一篇文章或某一段落通常是围绕一个中心思想展开的。我们可以纵观全文来找出关键词、短语或句子。
例：
One day Einstein (爱因斯坦)is walking in a street in New York. His friend meets him and says to him, “Einstein, you should buy a new coat. Look, your sweater is very old.”
But Einstein answers, “It doesn’t matter. Nobody knows me here.”
After a few years, Einstein becomes a famous scientist (著名科学家). But he still(仍然) we
ars the old sweater.
His friend meets him again and asks him to buy a new one.
But Einstein says, “I don’t need to buy a new one. Everyone knows me here.”
1. The title of the story should be .南瓜面粉饼
A. Einstein and His Friend B. Einstein and His Old Sweater
C. A Famous Scientist Einstein D. A Day of Einstein
答案：B
解析：本文介绍的是爱因斯坦的朋友劝说他买件新毛衣的故事。由第一段中“your sweater is very old” 和第三段中 “But he still(仍然)wears the old sweater.”等可以看出爱因斯坦的“old sweater”是中心词。故选B。
六、关键信息词提示法解答完形填空题
做完形填空题时，有时单看一句是得不出正确答案的，需要阅读下句甚至若干句后才有茅塞顿开之感。要注意上下文对照，即在上文或下文中找到与正确答案有关联的关键词。我们在答题时要有边读边在大脑中储存上下文信息的能力，要注意捕捉关键词。
