fruit (David Lee, Professor and Chairperson. Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International Unive)flowers (David Lee, Professor and Chairperson. Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International Unive)
LOCAL NAMES
English (purple bauhinia,orchid tree,camel's foot tree,butterfly
tree,geranium tree); Hindi (kota,raktakanchan,khairwal,karar,kanchan);
Malay (tapak kuda); Nepali (tanki); Spanish (pie de cabra); Thai
(sieowaan,sieo dok daeng); Trade name (kachan,karar,khairwal);
Vietname (m[os]ng b[of] t[is]m)
BOTANIC DESCRIPTION鞭炮英语怎么读
Bauhinia purpurea is a small to medium-sized deciduous fast-growing
shrub or tree with a round, symmetrical, moderate den crown to 10 m
tall, young branches becoming glabrous or nearly so (glabrescent). In dry
forests, the size is much smaller. The bark is pale grey brown, fairly
smooth to slightly fissured and scaly. The twigs are slender, light green,
slightly hairy, and angled, becoming brownish grey. The heart-wood is
brown, hard and durable.
Leaves simple, alternate, ba rounded to shallow-cordate, up to 12 cm x
12 cm, deeply 2-lobed at apex up to 1/3-1/2, ca. 7-12 cm long, and equally
wide, margin entire and the surfaces smooth and glabrous, and 9- or 11-
nerved at ba, the apex lobes rounded or obtu to subacute, minute
stipules 1-2 mm long, petioles puberulous to glabrous, 2.5-3.5 cm long;
寂寞空虚leaf blades 4.5-11 cm long.
Inflorescence a 6-10-flowered raceme in terminal panicles; flowers
摘抄400字
numerous, hypanthium, turbinate, purple to nearly white or at least purple-
marked, the flower buds clavate (club-shaped), velvety, ca 3-4 cm long
prior to anthesis; fertile stamens 3 or 4, the anthers ca 6 mm long,
versatile; ovary superior; corolla of 5 narrow petals and constricted at
ba, oblanceolate, 3-5cm long, claws 5-10mm long, the banner purple-
striate, ca 7 mm wide; calyx tubular, erupted by corolla along one side
when flower fully expanding; calyx split into 2 valves with 5 teeth. In fall,
before the leaves drop, Orchid-Tree is festooned with many showy and
delightfully fragrant, five-inch-wide blossoms, the narrow purple, pink, and
lavender petals arranged to cloly remble an orchid. The flowers
appear on the trees from September through November and are a
beautiful sight to e, creating a vivid splash of color in the autumn
landscape. The flowers are followed by 12-inch-long, slender, brown, flat
ed pods which usually persist on the tree throughout the winter.
Fruit brown, strap-shaped, not ptate, elongated dehiscent pods, ca. 15-
30 cm long, up to 1.5-2.5 cm wide, containing 10-15- shiny-brown,
glabrous, dehiscent, rounded, flat eds; twists as opens. Seed forms very
rapidly and trees in flower may already show numerous green pods. While
most pods will open in the drier winter weather some may persist through
to the next flowering ason. Fruit maturing in spring and summer. Fruit
does not attract wildlife.
Seeds orbicular, 13-16mm in diameter, 1-2mm thick.
The generic name commemorates the Bauhin brothers Jean (1541-1613)
and Gaspard (1560-1624), Swiss botanists. The two lobes of the leaf
exemplify the two brothers. The specific name refers to the purple colour
of the flowers.
There are about 300 species of this genus found in tropical regions. The
genus includes trees, vines, and shrubs that are frequently planted for
their showy flowers and ornamental foliage. There is a prence of
stomata on the eds and pods.
BIOLOGY
In its natural habitat in Australia, china, India, Phillipines, the tree is
deciduous. Flowering from September to November occuring when the
plant is leafless. Tree starts flowering at a very early age of 2-3 years and
yields viable ed. The ed ripens between February and May, with a
tendency to be later in the West than in the East. The eds disper from
the pods and germinate on sites with favourable light and moisture
conditions, while in unfavourable niches the radicle dries up or is destroyed by birds. The pods should be collected when they are brown before they dehisce. The eds are extracted by drying the pods in the sun to relea eds).
ECOLOGY
B. purpurea is a plant of tropical and subtropical climates usually found in most types of vegetation ranging from
evergreen lowland rain forest to mountain forest and savanna, scrub and dry deciduous forest to swamp foreston various soils. It occurs at lower elevations especially frequent along the valleys in its native habitat. It demands plenty of light and requires good drainage. Severe frost kills the leaves of edlings and saplings, but they recover during summer. The species is frost-hardy but least drought-hardy compared to other species of Bauhinia. The tree actually flower best on dry soils.
BIOPHYSICAL LIMITS
Altitude: 500 - 2000(-3000) m
Mean annual temperature: 12 - 21ºC
Mean annual rainfall: 1000 - 5000 mm
Soil type: Grow on a variety of sandy, loamy and gravelly soils in full sun in fertile, moisture-retentive but well-drained soils.DOCUMENTED SPECIES DISTRIBUTION
The map above shows countries where the species has been planted. It does neither
爱莫suggest that the species can be planted in every ecological zone within that country,
nor that the species can not be planted in other countries than tho depicted. Since
some tree species are invasive, you need to follow biosafety procedures that apply to
your planting site.
Exotic range
荀子名言Native range
Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Province of China, Thailand Australia, Egypt, Kenya, Mauritius, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Sierra Leone, Uganda, United States
Misc. Pacific Islands, US
Native:
Exotic:
PRODUCTS
Food: The young leaves and flowers of various Bauhinia species are eaten as a side dish with rice, or ud to flavour meat and fish. Sometimes the eds are edible.
Fodder: In an experiment in Nepal, B.purpurea was found increa milk production in lactating buffaloes. Leaves make good fodder and are greedily eaten by sheep, goats and cattle with protein content estimated at 12.6%.
白羊座和处女座合适吗
Fibre: The bark of bauhinia is ud to make rope and stems of smaller lianescent species are ud for binding. Some bauhinia species are ud for binding. Some bauhinia species reputed for their fibre application are ud medicinally as well.
Tannin or dyestuff: The bark of various bauhinia species contains considerable amounts of tanninwidely ud in leather industry in India. Medicinal us of bark can be largely attributed to the prence of the tannins. Flavonoids are a common feature of Bauhinia.
Medicine: Throughout South-East Asia various parts of numerous Bauhinia species are ud in poulticing to reduce swelling and bruis, and to ripen ulcerations and boils. Decoctions of various plant parts are taken internally as a febrifugal, antidiarrhoeal and antidynteric remedy and also it is ud as an astringent. In India, the bark is extensively applied in glandular dias and as a poison antidote while the leaves are administered as cough medicine. The flowers are said to be laxative and ud in curries and pickles.
Lipid: The eds contain high amounts of linolenic and oleic fatty acids (15% of a non-drying oil) and low amounts of myristic and linolenic fatty acids.
Gum or resin: The tree yield edible gum.
Fuel: Ud as fuelwood; its calorific value is 4 800 kcal/kg.
Timber: The wood is ud for agricultural implements.
Other products: B. purpurea apart from being an ornamental, is well known as the source of Bauhinia purpurea agglutin (BPA), a lectin with an affinity to galacto and lacto, widely applied in biochemical, immunochemical and histochemical studies.
SERVICES
Erosion control: Bauhinia purpurea with a deep root system and high root: shoot ratio may be a suitable species for slope stabilization.
Ornamental: B. purpurea is widely planted as an ornamental tree in parks, gardens and homesteads, and along avenues for its showy fragrant, purple flowers. The weak wood is susceptibl
e to breakage in storms; the abundant edlings, which may germinate in the landscape; and the litter problem, created by the falling leaves, flowers, and edpods.
Bauhinia purpurea
Fabaceae - Caesalpinioideae L. khairwal, karar, kachan TREE MANAGEMENT
B. purpurea should be grown in full sun on well-drained soil. For successful establishment of Bauhinia, protection from grazing or browsing for the first 2-3 years is necessary, becau the young saplings are much relished by animals. In regular plantations, the trees should be kept adequately thinned as they grow. The tree may need occasional pruning to develop a uniform shape when it is young. Growth rate is relatively good in lower altitudes but above 1600m, growth is very slow and plantation scarcely justified. The tree coppices well and can stand heavy lopping fairly well. It has been cultivated sporadically, generally in and around cultivation and habitations, or in mixed forests or avenue plantations, no systematic block plantations have been established. Branches tend to develop low on the trunk and droop toward the ground forming a large bush if left unpruned. The species has a tendency to show nutritional
deficiencies, especially potassium. Trees are frost- and drought-tolerant and flower best on dry soils.
The species is reported weedy in gardens in Hawaii.
GERMPLASM MANAGEMENT
Seed storage behaviour is orthodox; viability maintained for 3 years in hermetic storage at room temperature. There are 4000-5000 eds/kg. About 600 to 1900 plants are raid per Kg of ed.
国家基本公共卫生服务项目管理信息系统PESTS AND DISEASES
Pests: The Borers, mites and larvae of veral incts feed on the plant.
自贡美食推荐
Dias: Leaf spot and leaf scorch are the only dias reported. The tree is said to be susceptible to two virus namely Clitoria yellow vein tymovirus and Turnip rotte sobemovirus.
