《英语词汇学教程》（2004年版）练习答案
【Chapter 1】
写风的作文7． tart: loo woman bloke: fellow gat: pistol swell: great chicken: coward blue: fight smoky: police full: drunk dame: woman beaver: girl
8. haply = perhaps albeit = although methinks = it ems to me eke = also sooth = truth morn = morning troth = pledge ere = before quoth = said hallowed = holy billow = wave/ the a bade = bid
12.
Denizens | Aliens | Translation loans | Semantic loans |
kettle die wall skirt husband | confrere pro patria Wunderkind mikado parvenu | chopstick typhoon black humour long time no e电脑硬盘怎么分区 | dream |
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【Chapter 2】
Ex.1
The Indo-European Language Family is one of the most important language families in the world. It is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East and India. English belongs to this family and the other members of the Indo-European have more or less influence on English vocabulary. A knowledge of the Indo-European Language Family will help us understand English words better and u them more appropriately.
2. Indo-European Language Family
Balto-Slavic Indo-Iranian Celtic Italian Hellenic Germanic
Roumanian Hindi Breton Spanish Greek English
Lithuanian Persian Scottish French Swedish
Prussian Irish Italian German
Polish Portugue Norweigian
Slavenian Icelandic
剩饭剩菜的危害 Russian Danish
Bulgarian Dutch
6.
When in the cour of human events观灯, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bonds which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth parate and equal station to which the laws of nature and of nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the caus which impel them to the paration.
Most of the content words are either of Greek or Latin origin. What are left are mostly functional words. This shows that Greek and Latin play a very important part in the English vocabulary.
8. eventful [Latin + English] hydroplane [Greek + Latin]
falhood [ Latin + English] pacifist [Latin + Greek]
saxophone [German + Greek]
heirloom [ French + English]
joss hou [ Portugue + English] television
[Greek + Latin]
9.
amateur (late) finacé (late) empire (early)
peace (E) courage (E) garage (L)
judgement (E) chair (E) chai (L)
grace (E) rvant (E) routine (L)
jealous (E) savaté (L) genre (L)
gender (E) début (L) morale (L)
state (E) chez (L) ballet (L)
11.
allegro, f 轻快
andante, j 行板
diminuendo, g 渐弱
largo, d 缓慢
pianoforte, a 轻转慢
alto, i 女低音
crescendo, b 渐强
forte, e 强
piano, h 轻
soprano, c 女高音
12.
cherub (Hebrew) snorkel (G)
coolie (Hindi) tulip (Turk)
lasso (Sp) wok (Ch)
shampoo (Indian) chocolate (Mex)
tepee (Am Ind) jubilee (Gr)
kibitz (G) Sabbath (Heb)
chipmunk (Am Ind) tamale (Mex)
cotton (Arab) voodoo (Afr)
loot (Hindi) sauerbraten (G)
13.
a. alligator b. loco
c. rodeo d. bonanza
e. igloo f. blitzkrieg
g. wigwam h. canoe
i. hurricane j. boomerang
k. panchos
【Chapter 3】
1. a. morpheme b. allomorph
c. bound morpheme d. free morpheme
e. affix f. informational affix
g. derivational affix h. root
i. stem j. ba
3. individualistic
individualist + ic [stem, ba]
individual + ist [stem, ba]
individu + al [stem, ba]
in + dividu [root, stem, ba]
undesirables
un + desirable [stem, ba]
desir + able [root, stem, ba]
free morpheme = free root
morpheme bound root
bound morpheme inflectional affix
affix prefix
derivational affix
suffix
【Chapter 4】
Affixation
5. non-smoker incapable impractical
disobey incurity irrelevant
immature inability/disability unofficially
unwillingness illegal disagreement
illogical disloyal inconvenient
non-athletic
6. harden horrify modernize
memorize falsify apologize
deepen glorify sterilize
lengthen intensify beautify
fatten sympathize
a. apologized b. beautify c. lengthening
d. sympathized e. fatten f. falsify
g. memorizing h. Sterilize
7. a. employee b. politician c. participant
急救面膜 d. waitress e. conductor f. teacher
g. pianist h. examinee/examiner
8.
trans- = across: transcontinental, trans-world
mono- = one: monorail, monoculture
super- = over, above: superstructure, supernatural
auto- = lf: autobiography, automobile
sub- = bad, badly: malpractice, malnutrition
低保证明
mini- = little, small: minicrisis, miniwar
pre- = before: prehistorical, preelection
ex- = former: ex-teacher, ex-filmer
Compounding
av功放heartbeat [S + V] brainwashing [V + O]
穷凶极恶是什么意思
movie-goer [place + V] baking powder [ V +adv]
far- reaching [V + Adv] dog-tired [adv + a]
lion-hearted [adv + a] love-sick [adv + a]
boyfriend [S + complement] peace-loving [V +O]
