1.ABBREVIATION SIADH syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone cretion
The syndrome of inappropriate cretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is a disorder in which water excretion is partially impaired becau of the inability to suppress the cretion of ADH . In vere cas, the urine output does not exceed one liter per day, despite a water intake well above this level. The ensuing water retention leads to the development of hyponatremia. The syndrome is defined by the hyponatremia and hypo-osmolality TPP thyrotoxic periodic paralysis Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TTP) is a rare complication of hyperthyroidism, more common in Asian males between the cond and fourth decades of life and is characterized by thyrotoxicosis, hypokalemia and proximal muscle weakness. Thyrotoxic normokalemic periodic paralysis is a rare entity and has so far only been reported in adult males. Patients with thyrotoxic periodic paralysis have recurrent muscular weakness of the four extremities, affecting mainly the lower extremities. The ont of paralytic attacks usually coincides with the ont of hyperthyroidism, though overt findings of thyrotoxicosis are rarely prent with the initial paralytic attack. In some cas, the periodic paralysis is the sole manifestation of the hyperthyroidism多少度是高烧
课余生活作文2.AITD autoimmune thyroid dia Autoimmune thyroid dias are common dias that occur when the thyroid gland is attacked by the immune system. Autoimmune thyroid dias result in abnormal functioning of the thyroid gland. In autoimmune thyroid dias, the thyroid gland is either over active or under active. Autoimmune thyroid dias include Graves' dia and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Autoimmune thyroid dias are more common in women than in men. The autoimmune thyroid dia called Hashimoto's thyroiditis occurs most often in females between the ages of 30 and 50 years. The Hashimoto's thyroiditis also appears to have a genetic component becau it can run in families. People over the age of fifty who have hypertension or atherosclerosis are at risk for developing the autoimmune thyroid dia called Graves' dia.
3.PPT postpartum thyroiditis Postpartum thyroiditis is a phenomenon obrved following pregnancy and may involve hyperthyroidism,hypothyroidism or the two quentially. It affects about 5% of all women within a year after giving birth. The first pha is typically hyperthyroidism.Then, the thyroid either returns to normal or a woman develops hypothy
任职表态发言稿roidism. Of tho women who experience hypothyroidism associated with postpartum thyroiditis, one in five will develop permanent hypothyroidism requiring life-long treatment.Postpartum thyroiditis is believed to result from the modifications to the immune system necessary in pregnancy, and histologically is a subacute lymphocytic thyroiditis. The process is normally lf-limiting, but when conventional antibodies are found there is a high chance of this proceeding to permanent hypothyroidism. Postpartum thyroiditis is a member of the group of thyroiditis conditions known as resolving thyroiditis.
4.PHP pudohypoparathyroidism Pudohypoparathyroidism is a condition associated primarily with resistance to the parathyroid hormone. Patients have a low rum calcium and high phosphate, but the parathyroid hormone level (PTH) is actually appropriately high (due to the hypocalcemia). Its pathogenesis has been linked to dysfunctional G Proteins (in particular, Gs alpha subunit). GDM gestational diabetes mellitus Gestational diabetes (or gestational diabetes mellitus, GDM) is a condition in which women without previously diagnod diabetes exhibit high blood gluco levels during pregnancy. Gestational diabetes generally has few symptoms and it is most comm
冷若冰霜only diagnod by screening during pregnancy. Diagnostic tests detect inappropriately high levels of gluco in blood samples. Gestational diabetes affects 3-10% of pregnancies, depending on the population studied. No specific cau has been identified, but it is believed that the hormones produced during pregnancy increa a woman's resistance to insulin, resulting in impaired gluco tolerance.
5.IGT impaired gluco tolerance Impaired gluco tolerance (IGT) is a pre-diabetic state of dysglycemia that is associated with insulin resistance and incread risk of cardiovascular pathology. IGT may precede type 2 diabetes mellitus by many years. IGT is also a risk factor for mortality. According to the criteria of the World Health Organization and the American Diabetes Association, impaired gluco tolerance is defined as:two-hour gluco levels of 140 to 199 mg per dL (7.8 to 11.0 mmol) on the 75-g oral gluco tolerance test. A patient is said to be under the condition of IGT when he/she has an intermediately raid gluco level after 2 hours, but less than would qualify for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thefasting gluco may be either normal or mildly elevated望后
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6.IFT impaired fasting glycaemia or impaired fasting gluco Impaired fasting glycaemia or impaired fasting gluco (IFG) refers to a condition in which the fasting blood gluco is elevated above what is considered normal levels but is not high enough to be classified as diabetes mellitus. It is considered a pre-diabetic state, associated with insulin resistance and incread risk of cardiovascular pathology, although of lesr risk than impaired gluco tolerance (IGT). IFG sometimes progress totype 2 diabetes mellitus. There is a 50% risk over 10 years of progressing to overt diabetes. IFG has no symptoms and can often go undiagnod for years. Although there are no symptoms, many people diagnod with IFG are overweight. Nine out of 10 people with IFG have high blood pressure, raid cholesterol levels or a family history of the condition. MODY maturityont diabetes mellitus in young Maturity ont diabetes of the young (MODY) refers to any of veral hereditary forms of diabetes caud by mutations in an autosomal dominant gene(x independent, i.e. inherited from any of the parents) disruptinginsulin production.
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