红豆大红豆芋头
Chapter 2
收款凭证模板Peter Newmark
Semantic and Communicative Translation
慰藉什么意思Guided Reading
Peter Newmark (1916) is an accomplished translation scholar as well as an experienced translator. He has translated a number of books and articles and published extaensively on translation. His publications on translation include Approaches to Translation
(1981), About Translation(1983), Paragraphs on Translation 段
落翻译 (1985), A Textbook of Translation 描写树的诗句翻译教程 (1988), and
More Paragraphs on Translation(1993).
有趣的知识In his work Approaches to Translation, Newmark propos two
types of translation: mantic translation 语 义 翻 译 and
communicative translation 交 际 翻 译 . Semantic translation focus primarily upon the mantic content of the source text whereas communicative translation focus esntially upon the
comprehension and respon of receptors. This distinction results from his disapproval of Nida's assumption 假定，假定，假想；假装；肩负，担当 that all translating is communicating,
and the overriding 最主要的，最优先的 principle of any translation is to achieve "equivalent effect". For Newmark, the success of equivalent effect is "illusory", and that "the conflict
—
of loyalties, the gap between emphasis on source and target
languages will always remain as the overriding problem in
translation theory and practice"(1981:38). To narrow the gap, Newmark 系 地 述， 切实地表达； 划，构思出 formulates
his concepts of "communicative translation" and "mantic
translation", which in a n从某种意 上 are similar to Nida's "dynamic equivalent translation" and "formal equivalent translation". Newmarks admits "communicative translation" is a common method and could be ud in many types of translation. Nevertheless, he justifies 明⋯⋯正当 /有理， ⋯⋯ 科目一练习 the
legitimacy 合法性，正当；合理性，稳当；嫡出，正 of
"mantic translation" in the following three aspects. Firstly, all translations depend on the
约翰库缇斯three 一分 二， 二分法； 本 立 dichotomies, namely, the foreign and native cultures, the two languages, the writer and the translator. Hence, it is unlikely to have a universal theory that could include all the factors. Secondly, previous discussions on methods of translation, either Nida's "dynamic equivalence" or Nabokow's "literal translation", does not reflect the actual reality of translation method, for each of them either recommends one or 低， disparages the other. Thirdly, the social factors, especially the readers of the cond language, only play a partial 部分的；偏 /袒西部证卷 /心的 role
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