单词解释
1．manipulate: vt. make sb. think and behave exactly as you want them to, by skillfully
deceiving or influencing them 操纵，控制（某人的思想和行为）
You have the constant feeling you are being manipulated by advertiments. 你总有一种被广告操纵的感觉。
2．defy：
①happen in a way that is different from what usu. happens or what you expect 违反
This celebration of Thanksgiving deft tradition. 这个感恩节庆典仪式没有遵循传统。
体育活动总结② refu to obey sb. or sth. 违抗；不服从
三文鱼营养
Despite the strike vote, a few workers have defied the majority decision and returned to work. 尽管经过了罢工表决, 几个工人还是不顾大多数人的决定，回去上班了。
NOTE
Defy, Deny
Defy和Deny都是及物动词，词形相近，但实际上两者词义有别，用法也不同。
①Defy主要表示“违抗；反抗；蔑视”，后接名词；而deny主要表示“否认；拒绝承认”，后接名词或that引导的从句。
Nearly 11 thousand people have been arrested for defying the ban on street trading, ifi; 近一万一千人因违抗在街上交易的禁令而被捕。
The government has denied that the authorities have uncovered a plot to assassinate the president. 政府已否认当局发现了一个暗杀总统的阴谋。
②defy后接动词不定式表示“挑战；刺激某人做某事”时，不能用动名词形式；电视柜设计deny表示“否认；拒绝承认”时，后面不能接动词不定式，只能接动名词形式。
I defy you to come up with one major accomplishment of the current prime minister. 横水中学我倒电脑分盘怎么分
要看看你能否讲出一项现任首相作出的重大成就。
He denied doing anything illegal. 他否认做过任何违法的事。
3．recession: n. [C, U| a difficult time when there is less trade, business activity, etc. in a country than usual （经济衰退，萧条）
There is a deep recession in the UK.大蒜素软胶囊 英国陷入了严重的经济衰退。
4．Unless
Her version of the events was at odds with the police report. 她对事件的说法跟警方的报告不一致。
7．permissive
什么镜片对眼睛好
NOTE
The word permissive is an adjective, a derivative from permit. Being “permissive” implies a very easy and too relaxed position on something and usually lacks good judgment. F姜太公钓鱼or example:
They were permissive parents and their children grew up to be spoiled and ill-behaving adults. 他们是太过放任的父母，他们的孩子长大后会变成被宠坏、行为举止欠妥的年轻人。
NOTE
permissive, tolerant
The synonym of permissive is tolerant, but tolerant is positive in meaning. Permissive carries a negative connotation. Tolerant implies good judgment with a right balance of perspective or actions. For example:
The employee’s tolerant position on the differences in working style meant that the team performed well. 员工对工作作风的差异持宽容的立场意味着这个团队表现出色。
8．perspective
n. [C] a way of thinking about sth. （思考问题的）角度，观点，想法
