⼈有姓名，如张⼤，王⼩，陈新；法律（⼴义）⾃然亦有其名称，如**法，хх条例，…办法…。法律名称之英译有其特殊性，⾃然亦有其特殊问题。那么法律名称之英译实践存在着哪些问题呢？
⾸先是同⼀法律名称，有的译作如此，有的却译作那般，在英语读者看来，有两种英译的同⼀名称的同⼀个法，按英语读来竟判若两法，如：
1、原⽂：中华⼈民共和国民法通则
译⽂：甲：General Rules of the Civil Law of the People‘s Republic of China
-Shanghai‘s Foreign Economic Rules and Regulations（1991-1992），Shanghai Far East Publishers 1994，P.15
⼄：General Principles of the Civil Law of the People‘s Republic of China
-Laws and Regulations of the People‘s Republic of China Governing Foreign-Related Matters（1949-1990）。Legal System Publishing Hou Beijing China 1991，P.33
按：虽仅“rules”与“principles”⼀字之差，亦已毫厘千⾥矣。民法的原则不是“民法”本⾝！
2.原⽂：中华⼈民共和国中外合资经营企业法
译⽂：甲：Law of the People‘s Republic of China on Chine-Foreign Joint Ventures
-同上甲饭店开业祝福语
如何查询手机流量 ⼄：Law of the People‘s Republic of China on Chine-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures
-同上⼄
3.原⽂：中华⼈民共和国中外合作经营企业法
译⽂：甲：Law of the People‘s Republic of China on Chine-Foreign Cooperative Ventures公务员报名入口
-同上甲
⼄：Law of the People‘s Republic of China on Chine-Foreign Contractual Joint Ventures
-同上⼄，P. 50下
4.原⽂：中华⼈民共和国外资企业法
译⽂：甲：Law of the People‘s Republic of China on Foreign Enterpris
-同上甲
⼄：Law of the People‘s Republic of China on Foreign Capital Enterpris
-同上⼄，P. 489
按：“foreign enterpris”可以是绝对地“foreign”的企业（包括⾝为外国法⼈的企业），其内涵要⽐今汉语“外资企业”⼤！
5.原⽂：中华⼈民共和国海关对进出上海外⾼桥保税区货物、运输⼯具和个⼈携带物品的管理办法。
译⽂：甲：Procedures of the Customs of the People‘s Republic of China for the Control over the Goods，Means of Transport and Personal Articles Entering or Leaving the Shanghai Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone
-同上甲（1994版）
⼄：Measures of the Customs of the People‘s Republic of China Concerning the Administration of the Goods，Means of Transport and Articles Carried by Individuals to be Brought into or out of the Bonded Area of Outer Gaoqiao in Shanghai
-同上⼄（1991版）
按：由出版年份看，甲译作于⼄译作后三年，在其下划线印刷部分，分明是在同⼄译中也⽤斜体印刷的相应部分唱对台戏，似乎是在搞两家争鸣，在愚弄不通汉语只懂英语的读者。何苦呢？
6.原⽂：中华⼈民共和国归侨、侨眷权益保护法别开生面造句
译⽂：甲：Law of the People‘s Republic of China on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of Returned Overas Chine and Their Relatives
-Shanghai‘s Foreign Economic Rules and Regulations（1991-1992），Shanghai Far East Publishers 1994，p.47
⼄：Law of the People‘s Republic of China on the Protection of Rights and Interests of Returned Overas Chine and the Family Members of Overas Chine
-Laws and Regulations of the People‘s Republic of China Governing Foreign-Related Matters，China Legal System Publishing Hou，Beijing 1991，p.1945.
独爱无二 按：细⼼的读者⼀定发现了，以上甲、⼄两译不仅⽂字不同——其内涵也有50%⼤相径庭。按汉语原⽂，保护对象侨
是“归侨”和“侨（不问归与不归）的眷”，译⽂甲的内涵却是以“归侨”和“归侨的（Their）亲眷（Relatives）”为保护对象的；按译⽂⼄，则其所内涵的对象是“归侨”和“海外华侨的家属”了，从⽽译⽂甲在英语读者⾯前⼤⼤歪曲了原⽂！
7.原⽂：上海市企业国有资产产权登记实施办法
译⽂：甲：Procedures of Shanghai Municipality on the Implementation of Enterpris‘Property Right Over State- owned Asts
-Supplement（Chine-English）New Laws and Regulations Monthly，1997.1，p.5
⼄：Procedures of Shanghai Municipality on the Implementation of Registration of Enterpris‘Property Right Over State-owned Asts
-lbid，p.18
按：稀奇稀奇真稀奇，同样这项《办法》，同样刊载在同⼀期《新法规⽉刊》1997增刊1期中的该办法名称英译，却在第5页上是⼀个样，⽽在182页上却另是⼀个样了。
其次，是法律（⼴义）名称⼤⼩写原有⼀定的规矩，奈译者时⽽不懂或不守规则，⾇误起矣，如：
8. Interim Procedures of Shanghai Municipality on the Intake of Experts From（应作from）abroad
-Shanghai‘s foreign Economic Rules and Regulations（1993-1994），p.3
9. Article l（purpo and Basis）
The prent Procedures are formulated in accordance with the“procedures on the Administration of Registration of Enterpris‘Property Right Over（应作⼩写over）State-owned Asts”……
-Supplement（Chine-English）New Laws and Regulations Monthly，1997，1，p.183
10. Measures of the Customs of the People‘s Republic of China Concerning the Administration of the Goods，Means of Transport，and Articles Carried by Individuals to be（应作⼤写Be）Brought into or out（须⼤写）of the Bonded Area of Outer Gaoqiao in Shanghai
-Laws and Regulations of the People‘s Republic of China Governing Foreign-Related Matters，China Legal System Publishing Hou，Beijing 1991.7，p.11
三是介词（或准介词）之使⽤失当，如：查表⽰法律规范调整的对象，《新法规⽉刊》增刊1997年第1期共刊载15个条例、规定之类，⼏乎都通过介词“on”，只有⼀个例外⽤“for”：
Regulations of Shanghai Municipality on the Administration of Mudflat
Provisions of Shanghai Municipality on the Control of Hygiene of the Food Sold on Urban and Rural Fairs
Regulations of Shanghai Municipality on Mother and Infant Health Care
Regulations of Shanghai Municipality on the Flow of Talented Personnel
Regulations of Shanghai Municipality on Drainage Administration
Regulations on Shanghai Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone
世界奢侈品排名 Rules of Shanghai Municipality for the Implementation of the Regulations on Family Planning（例外）
Procedures of Shanghai Municipality on the Registration of Institutions
Procedures of Shanghai Municipality on the Administration of Construction Project Contracting
Procedures of Shanghai Municipality on the Administration of the Temporary Residence Permit for
HongKong and Macao Residents and Overas Chine
Procedures of Shanghai Municipality on the Granting of Land-u Right
Procedures of Shanghai Municipality on Social Relief
Procedures of Shanghai Municipality on the Management of Public Libraries
正弦函数对称轴 Procedures of Shanghai Municipality on the Implementation of Enterpris‘Property Right Over State-owned Asts
Procedures of Shanghai Municipality on the Protection of Basic Farmland
其中的例外⽤“for”，含义与“on”不同：表⽰调整对象，不如由“on”表达来得贴切。其次“on”只有两个字母（⽽“for”由三个字母拼缀⽽成），更符合法律名称应尽量⾔简意赅，短⼩精悍的要求。遗憾的是，拾“on”⽽取“for”的往往还不少哩。例如上海远东出版社1994年版的Shanghai‘s Foreign Economic Rules and Regulations（1991-1992）⼀书共有⼗个“法规规章”，其中表⽰其调整对象⽽使⽤介词“on”的仅两例，⽽使⽤“for”的反⽽有七例：
Procedures of Shanghai Municipality for the Implementation of……
Interim Provisions for the Control of Shanghai Metal Exchange
Interim Procedures of Shanghai Municipality for Encouragement of Nonlocal Investments in the Pudong New Area
Procedures of the Customs of the People‘s Republic of China for the Control of Goods……
Rules of the Shanghai Customs Hou for the Implementation of surveillance over，and Levy of or Exemption from……
Procedures for Controls……
Rules for the implementation of……
为什么不⽤⾸选“on”⽽退⽽求其次⽤“for”呢？更何况还有三处是采⽤那累赘不堪的“Concerning”呢：
Interim Procedures Concerning the Examination，Approval and……
以下弥⾜珍贵的⼀例，可以替代在“on”与“governing”之间左右摇摆、举棋不定⽽终于匆匆了事的译审⾏为：
Regulations of Shanghai Municipality on Governing Trade Unions in Chine-foreign Joint Ventures
于兹场合，即使⽤了都尚不能算错之时，这些词（for/concerning/governing）绝对不能列为⾸选（governing⼀词很正宗，现在却并不多⽤，⽽在四⼗年代初笔者是奉之为⾸选的）—⾸选当然是“on”了。
冷吃牛肉 四、存在的其他问题，如：
1、多⽤不必⽤的governing/concerning，如：
（1）原译：Interim Measures Concerning Strengthening Administration of Imports by Air
-Laws and Regulations of the People‘s Republic of China Governing Foreign-Related Matters（1949-1990）
China Legal Publishing Hou，Beijing 1991，p.1649
改译：Interim Measures Strengthening the Regulation of Air Imports
（2）原译：Laws Governing Foreign-Related Matters Promulgated Before……
-Ibid.，p.13
改译：Foreign-related Laws Promulgated Before……
2.宜前置的名词附加语不前置（1），宜后置的不后置（2）
（1）原译：Regulations of Shanghai Municipality on Environmental Protection
-Shanghai Foreign Economic Rules and Regulations（1993-1994），p.4
改译：Shanghai‘s Environment Protection Regulations
（2）原译：Regulations of Shanghai Municipality on Consumer Legitimate Rights and Interests Protection -Ibid.，p.5
改译：Shanghais Regulations on the Protection of Consumers Legitimate Rights and Interests
3.应⽤复数⽽误⽤单数，如下例“Provision”系“Provisions”之误：
Provision governing the（sic）Laying of Submarine Cables and Pipelines
-Laws and Regulations of the People‘s Republic of China Governing Foreign-Related Matters
（1949-1990），Vol.III，p.12
4.重要词语误译，如：
原⽂：上海外⾼桥保税区管理办法
原译：Procedures of Shanghai Municipality for the Administration of the Shanghai Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone
-Shanghai Foreign Economic Rules and Regulations（1982-1990），Shanghai people‘s Publishing Hou 1991，p. 563
应译：Measures of Shanghai Municipality for the Administration of the Shanghai Waigaoqiao Bonded Area
按：原译“Free Trade Zone”明明是“⾃由贸易区”⽽根本不是什么“保税区”：“保税区”明明不是什么“Free Trade Zone”⽽是“Bonded Area”，此乃常识的常识，译者有所不知！如此乱翻误译，其职业道德何在？耐⼈寻味！
5.译⽂漏字以致⽂理不通，如下列“Implementation”与“Foreign”之间漏了⼀个“of”
Rules for the Implementation Foreign Exchange Control Relating to Individuals
-Laws and Regulations of the People‘s Republic of China Governing Foreign-Related Matters，Vol. 2，p.9
法律名称英译还存在这样或那样的问题，其根源有⼆：译者的知识结构尚⽋合理，⼼态有待调整，幸勿等闲！
