1.Imagism（意象派）: It’s a poetic movement of England and the U.S. flourished from 1909 to 1917.The movement insists on the creation of images in poetry by “the direct treatment of the thing” and the economy of wording. The leaders of this movement were Ezra Pound and Amy Lowell.
2.Local colorism: as a trend became dominant in American literature in the 1860s and early 1870s，it is defined by Hamlin Garland as having such quality of texture and background that it could not have been written in any other place or by anyone el than a native stories of local colorism have a quality of circumstantial(详细的) authenticity(确实性), as local colorists tried to immortalize(使不朽) the distinctive natural, social and linguistic features. It is characteristic of vernacular(本国语) language and satirical(讽刺的) humor
3.Psychological Realism: James’s realism is characterized by his psychological approach to his subject matter. His fictional world is concerned more with the inner life of human beings than with overt human actions. His best and most mature works will render
the drama of individual consciousness and convey the moment-to-moment n of human experience as bewilderment and discovery. And we obrve people and events filtering through the individual consciousness and participate in his experience. This emphasis on psychology and on the human consciousness proves to be a big breakthrough in novel writing and has great influence on the coming generations. James is generally regarded as the forerunner of the 20th century "stream-of-consciousness" novels and the founder of psychological realism.
4.International theme:Henry James’s fame generally rests on his novels and stories with the international theme. The novels are always t against a large international background, usually between Europe and America, and centered on the confrontation of the two different cultures with two different groups of people reprenting two different value systems.The treatment of the international theme is characterized by the richness of syntax and characterization and the originality in point of view, symbolism, metaphoric texture, and organizing rhyme. James is now more mature as an artist, more at home in the craft of fiction.
5. Modernism： It was a complex and diver （复杂多样的） international movement in all the creative arts 德诗（创造性艺术）， originating about the end of the 19th century. It provided 杜鹃几月开花（出现） the greatest creative renaissance of the 20th century. It was made up of many facets （方面）， such as symbolism， surrealism （超现实主义）， cubism （立体主义）， expressionism， futurism （未来主义），超常的反义词 ect
6. American Realism: In American literature, the Civil War brought the Romantic Period to an end. The Age of Realism came into existence. It came as a reaction against the lie of romanticism and ntimentalism. Realism turned from an emphasis on the strange toward a faithful rendering of the ordinary, a slice of life as it is really lived. It express the concern for commonplace and the low, and it offers an objective rather than an idealistic view of human nature and human experience.
7.Surrealism(超现实主义):An anti-rational movement of imaginative liberation in European in art and literature in the 1920s and 1930s, which launched by Andre Breton after his break from the Dada group in 1922. Surrealism eks to break down the bounda
ries between rationality and irrationality, exploring the resources and revolutionary energies of dreams, hallucinations and xual desire. Influenced both by the symbolists and by Sigmund Freud’s theories of the unconscious, the surrealists experimented with automatic writing and with the free association of random images brought in surprising juxtaposition.
骨的组词>shift
8. Naturalism: American naturalism was a new and harsher realism. American naturalism had been shaped by the war; by the social upheavals（剧变） that undermined the comforting faith of an earlier age. America’s literary naturalists dismisd the validity of comforting moral truths. They attempted to achieve extreme objectivity and frankness, prenting characters of low social and economic class who were determined by their environment and heredity. Although naturalist literature described the world with sometimes brutal realism, it sometimes also aimed at bettering the world through social reform.
生命不可承受之轻
9. Hemingway Code Hero(海明威式英雄): Hemingway Code Hero ,also called code hero,
is one who, wounded but strong more ntitive, enjoys the pleasures of life( x, alcohol, sport) in face of ruin and death, and maintains, through some notion of a code, an ideal of himlf.2> barnes in the sun also Ris, henry in a Farewell to arms and santiago in the old man and the a are typical of Hemingway Code Hero
澳洲绿卡10.Iceberg Theory :早上好英文Ernest Hemingway’s “iceberg theory” suggests that the writer include in the text only a small portion of what he knows, leaving about ninety percent of the content a mystery that grows beneath the surface of the writing. If a writer of pro knows enough about what he is writing about he may omit things that will have a feeling of tho things as strongly as though the writer had stated them. The dignity of movement of an iceberg is due to only one-eighth of it being above water. A good writer does not need to reveal every detail of a character or action
11.American Dream: American dream means the belief that everyone can succeed as long as he/she works hard enough. It usually implies a successful and satisfying life. It usually framed in terms of American capitalism（资本主义）, its associated purported meritocracy,（知识界精华） and the freedoms guaranteed by the U.S. Bill of Rights.
