榨汁机电子科技大学强军计划考研英语真题、笔记、参考书、大
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电子科技大学强军计划考研英语真题
Text4
On a five to three vote,the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration.But on the more important matter of the Constitution,the decision was an8-0defeat for the Administration’s effort to upt the balance of power between the federal government and the states。
In Arizona v.United States,the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law.The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to“establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization”and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial.Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones。
Justice Anthony Kennedy,joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals, ruled that the state flew too clo to the federal sun.On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately“occupied the field”and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers。
刀疤豺母
However,the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement.That’s becau Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues。
Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute.The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia,who offered an even more robust defen of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts。
The8-0objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as“a shocking asrtion asrtion of federal executive power”.The White Hou argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities,even if state laws complied with federal statut
es to the letter.In effect,the White Hou claimed that it could invalidate any otherwi legitimate state law that it disagrees with。
Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government,and control of citizenship and the borders is among them.But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status,it could.It never did so.The administration was in esnce
asrting that becau it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes,no state should be allowed to do so either.Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim。
36.Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned becau they
[A]deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers。
[B]disturbed the power balance between different states。
[C]overstepped the authority of federal immigration law。
[D]contradicted both the federal and state policies。
37.On which of the following did the Justices agree,according to Paragraph4?
梦见水是什么意思[A]Federal officers’duty to withhold immigrants’information。
[B]States’independence from federal immigration law。
[C]States’legitimate role in immigration enforcement。
[D]Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement。
38.It can be inferred from Paragraph5that the Alien and Sedition Acts
[A]violated the Constitution。
[B]undermined the states’interests。
[C]supported the federal statute。
[D]stood in favor of the states。
39.The White Hou claims that its power of enforcement
[A]outweighs that held by the states。
[B]is dependent on the states’support。
[C]is established by federal statutes。
[D]rarely goes against state laws。
40.What can be learned from the last paragraph?
[A]Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress。浓郁是什么意思
[B]Justices intended to check the power of the Administrstion。
[C]Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress。
[D]The Administration is dominant over immigration issues。
Part B
母笔顺笔画
Directions:
In the following article,some ntences have been removed.For Questions41-45,choo the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank.There are two extra choices,which do not fit in any of the gaps.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10 points)
The social sciences are flourishing.As of2005,there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world,working both inside and outside academia.According to the World Social Science Report2010,the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about11%every year since2000.
Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today’s global challenges including climate change,curity,sustainable development and health。(41)______Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger,from genetically engineered crops to arificial fertilizers.Here,too,the problems are social:the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity。
(42)____This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to rai its influence in the real world.To paraphra the great social scientist Joph Schumpeter:there is no radical innovat
ion without creative destruction。
Today,the social sciences are largely focud on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates,rather than on topics with external impact。车前子的功效
Analys reveal that the number of papers including the keywords“environmental changed”or“climate change”have incread rapidly since2004,(43)____
When social scientists do tackle practical issues,their scope is often local:Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for example.And whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful。
The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding(44)____this is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction.Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today’s economic climate。
The trick is to direct the funds better.The European Union Framework funding programs have long
had a category specifically targeted at social scientists.This year,it was propod that system be changed:Horizon2020,a new program to be enacted in2014,would not have such a category,This has resulted in protests from social scientists.But the intention is not to neglect social science;rather,the complete opposite。(45)____That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems。
[A]It could be that we are evolving two communities of social
腊肉糯米圆子
scientists:one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly
specialized journals,and one that is problem-oriented and publishing
elwhere,such as policy briefs。
[B]However,the numbers are still small:in2010,about1,600of the
100,000social-sciences papers published globally included one of the
Keywords。
[C]the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories,including health and demographic change food curity,marine rearch and the bio-economy,clear,efficient energy;and inclusive,innovative and cure societies。
两平面的夹角[D]the solution is to change the mindt of the academic community,and what it considers
to be its main goal.Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists,especially the young ones。
[E]The issues all have root caus in human behavior.all require behavioral change and social innovations,as well as technological development.Stemming climate change,for example,is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy。
[F]Despite the factors,many social scientists em reluctant to tackle such problems.And in Europe,some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for
social-science rearch and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development。
[G]During the late1990s,national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of
all rearch and development funds-including government,higher education,
non-profit and corporate-varied from around4%to25%；in most European nations,it is about 15%。
Section III Translation
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined gments into Chine. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET2.(10points)
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined gments into Chine. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET2.(10points)
It is speculated that gardens ari from a basic need in the individuals who made them:the need for creative expression.There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express,f
ashion,and beautify and that lf-expression is a basic human urge;(46)Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless,it strikes one that,for all their diversity of styles,the gardens speak os various other fundamental urges,beyond that of decoration and creative expression。
One of the urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence,a“still point of the turning world,”to borrow a phra from T.S.Eliot.(47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be,is a distinctly human need,as oppod to shelter,which is a distinctly animal need.This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking,as it is for the unlikely gardens,the foemer becomes all the more urgent.Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment.(48)The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such。In so doing they give composure to a gment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand。
Another urge or need that the gardens appear to respond to,or to ari from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us.When we are deprived of green,of plants,of trees,(49)most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychologic
al conditions,until one day we find ourlves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic。In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible,yet even so the compositions often em to reprent attempts to call arrangement of materials,an institution of colors,small pool of water,and a frequent prence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals.On display here are various fantasy elements who reference,at some basic level,ems to be the natural world.(50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the u of word garden though in a“liberated”n,to describe the synthetic constructions.In them we can e biophilia-a yearning for contact with nonhuman life－assuming uncanny reprentational forms。
