人教版选择性必修第二册知识点汇总
Unit 1 Science And Scientists
原文呈现
JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”
Cholera ud to3年级日记① be one of the most feared dias② in the world，until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could be overcome(1)．This illness caus vere diarrhoea③，dehydration，and even death.In the early 19th century，when an outbreak of cholera④ hit Europe(2)，millions of people⑤ died from⑥ the dia.As a young doctor，John Snow became frustrated⑦ becau no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera(3)．In time⑧，he ro to become a famous doctor，and even attended to⑨ Queen Victoria when she gave birth⑩(4)．However，he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all⑪.
(1)until引导时间状语从句，其中be overcome为宾语从句。
(2)when引导时间状语从句。
(3)becau引导原因状语从句。
(4)when引导时间状语从句。
In general⑫，doctors in tho days had two contradictory theories⑬ to explain how cholera spread(5)．One theory was that bad air caud the dia(6)．Another was that cholera was caud by an infection from germs⑭ in food or water(7)．Snow subscribed to⑮ the cond theory.It was correct，but he still needed proof⑯.Conquently，when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854(8)，Snow began to investigate⑰.He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so vere that more than 500 people⑱ died in ten days(9)．He was determined to⑲ find out why⑳.
(5)不定式短语作名词theories的后置定语，其中how cholera spread为宾语从句。
(6)that引导表语从句。
(7)that引导表语从句。
(8)when引导时间状语从句。
(9)第一个that引导宾语从句，其中so...引导结果状语从句。
Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all tho who died had lived(10)．There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street (especially hou numbers 16，37，38，and 40)．However，some houholds (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street，and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths.The people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.They had been given free beer，and so had not drunk the water from the pump(11)．Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame(12)．What is more，in another part of London，a woman and her daughter had 四线合一died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street.It emed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her hou every day(13)．As a result of this evidence，John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs(14)．Accordingly，he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be ud(15)．Through this intervention，the dia was stopped in its tracks.
(10)where引导定语从句，修饰先行词places，其中who died也是一个定语从句，修饰先行词tho。
(11)and so因而，连接两个并列谓语。
叫一声爸妈
(12)that引导宾语从句。
(13)固定句式It 似乎……，其中so...引导结果状语从句。
(14) that引导宾语从句。
(15)引导目的状语从句。
The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste(16)．Moreover，Snow was later able to show a link between other cas of cholera and the different water companies in London.Some companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw waste(17)．The people 新地球歌词who drank this water were much more likely toa get cholera than tho who drank pure or boiled water(18)．
(16)that引导表语从句。
(17)that引导定语从句，修饰先行词water。
(18)who引导定语从句，第一个定语从句的先行词为people；第二个定语从句的先行词为tho。
Through Snow's tireless efforts，water companies began to ll clean water，and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrea(19)．However，cholera is still a problem.Each year，millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it(20)．Fortunately，we now know how to prevent cholera(21)，thanks to the work of John Snow.Moreover，in his u of maps and statistics，Snow transformed the way scientists study dias(22)．For this reason，Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology (23)．
(19)and连接两个表示顺承关系的并列句。
(20)and连接两个表示顺承关系的并列句。
(21)“疑问词＋不定式短语”作宾语。
(22)省略关系词that或in which的定语从句，修饰先行词the way。
(23)名词短语作主语补足语。
①ud to 过去时常；过去曾(而现在不再)做
②one of the most feared dias最可怕的疾病之一
③cau vere diarrhoea导致严重的腹泻
④an outbreak of cholera爆发霍乱
⑤millions of people数百万人
⑥die from死于
⑦become frustrated变得沮丧
⑧in time最后
⑨attend to照料；照顾
⑩give birth生孩子
⑪once and for all最终地；彻底地
⑫in general一般而言
⑬two contradictory theories两种相互矛盾的理论
⑭怎么买etf基金an infection from germs细菌感染
⑮subscribe to同意；赞同
⑯need proof需要证据
⑰begin to investigate开始调查
⑱more than 500 people 500多人
拥挤造句⑲be determined to do sth.决心做某事大步向前走
⑳find out why找出原因
mark on a map在地图上标出
multiple deaths多人死亡
hou numbers门牌号
some houholds一些家庭
such as例如
free beer免费的啤酒
suspect vt.怀疑
be to blame对某事应负责任
what is more而且，此外
die of死于
move away搬走
