2014年专八
PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)
In this ction there 眉妆are four reading passages followed be a total of 20 multiple-choicequestions. Read the passages and then mark the best answer to each question on ANSWERSHEER TWO.
TEXT A
My class at Harvard Business School helps students understand what good managementtheory is and how it is built. In each ssion, we look at one company through the lens ofdifferent theories, using them to explain how the company got into its situation and to examinewhat action will yield the needed results. On the last day of class, I asked my class to turntho theoretical lens on themlves to find answers to two questions: First, How can I besure I’ll be happy in my career? Second, how can I be sure my relationships with my spouand my family will become an enduring source of happiness? Here are some managementtools that can be ud to help you lead a purpoful life.
1. U Your Resources Wily. Your decisions about allocating your personal time, energy, andtalent shape your life’s strategy. I have a bunch of “business” that compete for theresources:I’m trying to have a rewarding relationship with my wife, rai great kids, contribute to my通用词 community, succeed in my career, and contribute to my church. And Ihave exactly the same problem that a corporation does. I have a limited amount of time, energy and talent. How much do I devote to each of the金枪鱼的营养价值及功效 pursuits?
Allocation choices can make your life turn out to very different from what youintended.Sometimes that’s good: opportunities that you have never planned for emerge. Butif you don’t invest your resources wily, the outcome can be bad. As I think about people whoinadvertently invested in lives of hollow unhappiness, I can’t help believing that their troublesrelated right back to a short-term perspective.
When people with a high need for achievement have an extra half hour of time or an extraounce of energy, they’ll unconsciously allocate it to西安万达广场 activities that yield the most tangibleaccomplishments. Our careers provide the most concrete evidence that we’re movingforward.You ship a product, finish a design, complete a prentation, clo a sale teach aclass, publish a paper, get paid, get promoted. In contrast, investing time and energy in yourrelationships with your spou and children typically doesn’t offer the same immediate nof achievement. Kids misbehave every day. It’s really not until 20 years down the road thatyou can say, “I raid a good son or a good daughter.” You can neglect your relationship withyour spou and on a daily basis it doesn’t em as if thing are deteriorating. People who aredriven to excel have this unconscious propensity to underinvest in their families andoverinvest in their careers, even though intimate and loving family relationships are the mostpowerful and enduring source of happiness.
If you study the root caus of business disasters, over and over you’ll find this predispositiontoward endeavors that offer immediate gratification. If you look at personal lives throughthat lens,you’ll e that same stunning and sobering pattern: people allocating fewer andfewer resources to the things they would have once said mattered most.
2. Create A Family Culture. It’s one thing to e into the foggy future with a acuity and chartthe cour corrections a company must make. But it’s quite another to persuade employees toline up and work cooperatively to take the company in that new direction.
When there is little agreement, you have to u “power tools” – coercion, threats, punishments and so on, to cure cooperation. But if employee’s ways of working togethersucceed over and over, connsus begins to form. Ultimately, people don ‘t even think aboutwhether their way yields success. They embrace priorities and follow procedures by instinctand assumption rather than by explicit decision, which means that they’ve created aculture大暑是几月几日. Culture, in compelling but unspoken ways, dictates the proven, acceptable methodsby which member s of a group address recurrent problems. And culture defines the prioritygiven to改善的近义词 different types of problems. It can be a powerful management tool.
I u this model to address the question, How can I be my family becomes an enduringsource of happiness? My students quickly e that the simplest way parents can elicitcooperation from children is to wield power tools宝盖头. But there comes a point during the teenyears when power tools no longer work. At that point, parents start wishing they had begunworking with their children at a农村信息报 very young age to build a culture in which children instinctivelybehave respectfully toward one another, obey their parents, and choo the right thing to do. Families have cultures, just as companies do. Tho cultures can be built consciously.
If you want your kids to have strong lf-esteem and the confidence that they can solve hardproblems, tho qualities won’t magically materialize in high school. You have to design theminto your family’s culture and you have think about this very early on. Like employees, childrenbuild lf-esteem by doing things that are hard and learning what works.
