韦利版本和许渊冲版本《论语·学而》篇翻译
对比赏析
一个折一个足韦利版本和许渊冲版本《论语·学而》篇翻译对比赏析
《论语》翻译和诠释难度极大，翻译的形式和方法多种多样。本篇论文主要对比欣赏《论语》学而篇韦利译本和许渊冲译本。一语双关的意思
韦利生于英国，韦利的译文比较具有现代气息，通畅易懂，在英语世界有很大的影响。许渊冲，被誉为“诗译英法唯一人”。翻译集中在中国古诗英译，形成韵体译诗的方法与理论。
下面一同欣赏两位大家《学而》篇的译作。
原文：子曰：“学而时习之，不亦说乎？有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？人不知，而不愠，不亦君子乎？”
梦寐以求造句>作风方面
韦利：The Master said，“To learn and at due times to repeat what one has learnt，is that not after all a pleasure？That friends should come to one from afar，is that not after all delightful？To remain unsoured even though one’s merits are unrecognized by others，is that not after all what is expected of a gentleman？”
许渊冲：Is it not a delight，said the Master，to acquire knowledge and put it into practice？Is it not a
海参怎么烧好吃pleasure to meet friends coming from afar？Is he not an intelligentleman，who is careless alike of bEing known or unknown？
做翻译的前提是译者一定要十分清楚原文的意思。“学而时习之”这句话中的“习”字意为“实践、践习”，故韦利在理解上稍有偏差，将之译为了“温习、复习”。许渊冲作为一名中国文学大家，对《论语》中字词的把握就显得精准到位。此外，两位大家对“知”字的理解也各有千秋，韦利认为“知”意为知道一个人的优点，许渊冲认为“知”意为被别人知晓、认识，所以二人此处的翻译又有所不同。许渊冲的翻译在句式上更为工整，有排比句的气势。值得一提的是，许渊冲对“君子”的翻译可谓匠心独运，“intelligentleman”一词是许渊冲自造的合成词，西方无“君子”这一概念，虽然英文中并没有该词，可这丝毫不影响读者的理解，此为其翻译妙处之所在。
毕业登记表自我鉴定范文原文：子曰：“巧言令色，鲜矣仁！”
韦利：The Master said，“ ‘Clever talk and a pretentious manner’are ldom found in the Good.”
学生评价体系
许渊冲：A good man，said the Master，would rarely say what he does not believe，or pretend to appear better than he is.
有种语言现象是英语多用被动语态而汉语多用主动语态。本句的翻译，韦利使用了直译法，显得更为简洁、干练，让读者一目了然，译为被动语态更符合英文表达习惯。许渊冲则采用描述结合解释的方式，相当于运用了异译法。
原文：子曰：“道千乘之国，敬事而信，节用而爱人，使民以时。”
韦利：The Master said，” A country of a thousand war-chariots cannot be administered unless the ruler attends strictly to business，punctually obrves his promis，is economical in expenditure，shows affection towards his subjects in general，and us the labour of the peasantry only at the p roper times of year.”
许渊冲：In a country of a thousand war-chariots，said the Master，the ruler should be respectful in deed and faithful in word，thrifty in expenditure and affectionate towards the people and tell them to labor at the proper times of the year.
该句，韦利使用了“not…unless…”的英语句型，韦利此处有加译现象。根据译文，其加了“管理”，原文中只提到千乘之国，紧接着描述了一些千乘之国应有的特质，而韦利则理解为千乘之国的管理要依赖那
些特质。此外，韦利在翻译“节用而爱人”的“人”时，使用了“subject ”一词，该词此处意为“国民”，可见他对本句话中“人”字的理解极为细致深刻。在“使民以时”中，韦利将“民”译为“labor of peasantry”，也可见其对中国文化理解的细致入微与深度。由于古人大都以务农为生，广大劳动人民就是农民。相比之下，许渊冲对“人”、“民”的处理都译为了“people”，可能由于韦利是以一名外国人的视角研究中国文化，故他对某些概念的理解更为敏感与细腻。许先生整句的翻译句式更加工整，更为简洁。
原文：子曰：“弟子入则孝，出则悌，谨而信，汎爱众，而亲仁。行有余力，则以学文。”
韦利：The Master said，“ A young man’s duty is to behave well to his parents at home and to his elders abroad，to be cautious in giving promis and punctual in keeping them，to have kindly feelings towards everyone，but ek the intimacy of the Good. If，when all that is done，he has any energy to spare，then let him study the polite arts.
许渊冲：A young man，said the Master，should be filial at home and respectful abroad，cautious and trustworthy，affectionate towards all and intimate with
the good. If he has time to spare when his duties are done，he may u it to learn arts.
韦利对“入则孝、出则弟”的翻译，整合为一句话。将“孝和弟”统一译为“behave well”。许渊冲则将“孝”
和“弟”分开翻译，译为“filial”和“respectful”，可见也许从西方人的视角来看，对父母的“孝”和对年长者的“弟”可统一理解为“好”的概念，不像中国人在概念上区分的那样细致。而韦利在处理“谨而信”时，则分开翻译为“be cautious in giving promis ”和“be punctual in keeping them”，将“谨”和“信”具体化，其描述细致解释了“谨”和“信”，让目标读者更能清楚明白这二字的内涵，以便他们理解《论语》的内容。许渊冲在处理“谨而信”时，仅用了两个表示人特质的形容词“cautious and trustworthy”，言简意赅做以翻译。总体而言，对于此句话的翻译，韦利较许渊冲更为具体细腻，解释性更强。
原文：子曰：“君子食无求饱，居无求安，敏于事而慎于言，就有道而正焉，可谓好学也已。”
韦利：The Master said，“a gentleman who never goes on eating till he is sated，who does not demand comfort in his home，who is diligent in business and cautious in speech，who associates with tho that
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