便秘药物F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896-1940)
--born into middle-class circumstances in the American Midwest (St. Paul, Minnesota), though family soon moved to upstate New York
--able to attend Princeton University only through help of a wealthy aunt & a football scholarship
简单美食
--Princeton is where Fitzgerald began his intellectual career through his association with Princeton intellectuals, including Edmund Wilson, America’s most impt. literary critic at the time
--quit Princeton after his 3rd year in order to rve in WWI.
--war was over before he finished his military training
--but, during his training in Montgomery, Alabama he met a Southern belle, Zelda Sayre, wh
o would become his wife & tragic mu. Together they would become America’s “golden couple,” the epitome of the Jazz Age, the Roaring Twenties.
--1920: published his first novel, This Side of Paradi, a novel about life at Princeton & a best ller
--gave him the money he needed to impress & marry Zelda
--becoming rich & famous at age 24 propelled Fitzgerald (and Zelda) into a life of social excess that would eventually almost destroy their personal lives and hamper his writing career.
最简单的比喻句
--almost all of Fitzgerald’s writing is to a certain extent autobiographical: it draws on his & Zelda’s lives, but turns them into reprentative figures of their era.
幼儿园音乐活动
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-1921: Flappers and Philosophers (short stories)
--1922: Tales of the Jazz Age (short stories)鞋子用英语怎么说
The Beautiful and the Damned (a novel)
--1924: excessive partying & spending in NYC forced the Fitzgeralds to move to Europe, to Paris, where they could live the good life more cheaply + Paris was becoming a Mecca for young American writers & artists. In Paris, Fitzgerald would meet Gertrude Stein, Hemingway, and others.
--1925: The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald’s most famous novel: a story about the ri & fall of the American Dream of happiness of wealth, beauty & fame. Now considered an American classic of the early 20th century.
--1926: All the Sad Young Men (short stories)
--in spite of the good money from short story writing (from the magazines that first published each story), the Fitzgeralds still continued to live beyond their means
五什么六什么的成语--additionally, Scott had become an alcoholic & Zelda’s mental problems ended in a complete nervous breakdown
--1931: the Fitzgeralds return permanently to the United States, where Zelda is hospitalized in mental institutions for the rest of her life & Scott at first stays near her while continuing his writing career
--1934: Tender is the Night: a novel about the emotional decline of a young American psychiatrist married to one of his young, wealthy patients
--1937: Fitzgerald moves to Hollywood to try to make money as a screenwriter & reform his life, but it was too late
--Fitzgerald dies of a heart attack at age 44
--leaves an unfinished novel, The Last Tycoon
“Babylon Revisited”
--one of Fitzgerald’s “after the party is over” stories
最末端
--published in 1931, after Zelda’s breakdown & their return to the States. Simultaneously autobiographical & symbolic of the collap of the American Dream of happiness through material excess & high living. (The Norton footnote about Babylon is uful here.)
--Babylon: symbolic in Anglo-American culture of nsual excess to the point of decadence. The collap of Babylonian civilization is symbolic of what such excess leads to. In our story, Babylon = Paris, the place where, after the first world war, young Americans like the Fitzgeralds lived to excess (as long as their money lasted) and in the process destroyed themlves. Gertrude Stein labelled Fitzgerald, Hemingway and their contemporaries “the lost generation.”
白桦教案
Important Characters
--Charlie Wales: the central character. He’s returned to Paris after 10 months in Prague, where he has brought his alcoholism under control + repaired his financial situation. He is in Paris to try to regain guardianship of his daughter, his only child. (Scott & Zelda had only one child, a daughter, who was placed in guardianship with Zelda’s sister after Zelda’s breakdown while Scott tried to recover from his alcoholism.)
--the city of Paris: No longer “gay Parée.” Most of the wealthy Americans have left or gone bankrupt. No longer a place of fashionable excess & not even decadence, except for the transvestites that Charlie es in the bar (“a group of strident queens”).
--Honoria: Charlie’s daughter. Left in the custody of Charlie’s sister-in-law after her mother’s, Helen’s, death & Charlie’s financial & alcoholic breakdown. Clearly well taken c
are of by her aunt & uncle, but wants to live with her father. Also a symbol of the nsible, grounded American innocence that Charlie sacrificed to his decadence: “[…] I’ve got lots of things. And we’re not rich any more, are we?”
