ISO网站2008年10月：质量管理体系采用过程模式概念的指南-ISO9000-栖...斐讯路由器密码
1. Introduction 引言
This guidance document provides an understanding of the concepts, intent and the application of the “process approach” to the ISO 9000 family of Quality Management System standards. The guidance may also be ud to apply the process approach to any management system regardless the type or the size of organization. This includes but is not limited to management systems for:
本指导文件用于贯彻ISO9000系列质量管理体系标准时，理解“过程模式”的概念、意图和应用。也可以应用于其他任何管理体系，不管什么类型和规模大小。其中包括，还不限制于以下管理体系：
Environment (ISO 14000 family), 环境保护体系ISO 14000，
Occupational Health and Safety, 职业健康和安全体系，
如何提高生活质量Business Risk, 商务风险管理体系，
Social Responsibility.社会责任管理体系，
This guide also aims to promote a consistent approach to the description of process and u of process related terminology.
本指导文件还有的目的是促进对过程以及过程有关术语一致性的描述和运用。
The purpo of the process approach is to enhance an organization’s effectiveness and efficiency in achieving its defined objectives. In relation to ISO 9001:2008 this means enhancing customer satisfaction by meeting customer requirements.
采用过程模式的目的是，为了组织在实现他们规定的目标过程中，提高有效性和效率。结合ISO9001高工资：2008标准，意味着通过满足顾客的各项要求来提高顾客的满意。
Benefits of the process approach are:
采用过程模式的好处是：
Integration and alignment of process to enable achievement of desired outcomes 整合
各个过程，让各个过程方向一致，从而能达到预期的输出。
月季花的作文Ability to focus effort on process effectiveness and efficiency.能把精力集中到过程的有效性和效率。
Provision of confidence to customers, and other interested parties, about the consistent performance of the organization. 向顾客和其他利益相关方提供信心，有关组织具有持续一贯绩效的信心（译者：意思是今天行，明天后天都会行）。
Transparency of operations within the organization.在组织内部各项操作的透明度。
Lower costs and creation of shorter cycle times, through the effective u of resources.通过对各种资源的有效利用，降低成本和缩短周期时间。
Improved, consistent and predictable results.能持续改进和连续一贯地达到预测的各项结果。
Provision of opportunities for focud and prioritized improvement initiatives.在有限的各种改进机会中排队、确定、发起改进措施。
Encouragement of the involvement of people and the clarification of their responsibilities 鼓励人员改进和便于澄清员工之间相互的工作职责。.
2. What is a process? 什么叫过程？
A “Process” can be defined as a “t of interrelated or interacting activities, which transforms inputs into outputs”. The activities require allocation of resources such as people and materials. Figure 1 shows a generic process.
过程是“一套相互关联或作用的活动，这些活动把各种输入转化为输出”。这些活动要求给它们提供诸如人员和材料等资源。图1展示一般的过程。
A major advantage of the process approach, when compared to other approaches, is in the management and control of the interactions between the process and the interfaces between the functional hierarchies of the organization (as further explained in ction 4).
采用过程模式主要的好处是，当它和其他方法来对比，就在于在这些过程和过程之间的相
互作用以及各种职能组织之间的接口方面便于管理和控制（进一步的解释请见第4条）。
Figure 1 - Generic process 腌制黄瓜图1展示一般的过程
Inputs and intended outputs may be tangible (such as equipment, materials or components) or intangible (such as energy or information). Outputs can also be unintended, such as waste or pollution.
各种输入和意向的输出可以是有形的（诸如设备、材料或者部件）或者是无形的（诸如能量或者信息）。各种输出也可能是非意向要的，譬如，废物或对环境的污染。
Each process has customers and other interested parties (who may be either internal or external to the organization), with needs and expectations about the process, who define the required outputs of the process.
每个过程都有顾客和其他利益相关者（他们可能是组织内部的或者是外部的），他们对过程都有需求和期望，因此，他们对过程的输出定义各项要求。
A system should be ud to gather data to provide information about process performance, which should then be analyzed to determine if there is any need for corrective action or improvement.
应当利用一个系统来收集数据，以便提供有关过程绩效的信息，这些信息应当加以分析来确定，是否需要采取纠正措施或者改进过程。
All process should be aligned with the objectives, scope and complexity of the organization, and should be designed to add value to the organization.
所有的过程应当向着统一的目标、组织的范围和复杂性努力，而且应当设计和字成能为组织增值的。
Process effectiveness and efficiency can be assd through internal or external review process.
可以通过内部和外部来对过程进行评估确定过程的有效性和效率。
3. Types of process 过程类型
淡泊名利的意思老师打屁股作文3.1 References to process in ISO 9001:2008:
参考ISO9001：2008中的各种过程
ISO 9001:2008 states:
ISO9001：2008标准0.1条《总则》中说：
In sub clau 0.1 General: “The design and implementation of an organization‘s quality management system is influenced by: its business environment, changes in that environment, or risks associated with that environment; its varying needs; its particular objectives; the products it provides; the process it employs; its size and organizational structure. It is not the intent of this International Standard to imply uniformity in the structure of quality management systems or uniformity of documentation”.
