国际贸易实务：名词解释53个汇总
名词解释
1.gtx1090barter trade(易货贸易)：the direcrt exchange ofgoods or rvices-without an intervening medium of exchange or momey-eitheraccording to established rates of exchange or by bargaining.it is consideredthe oldest form of trade.
2.direct trade(直接贸易)：goods are transporteddirectly from the production country to the consuming country. In this ca,only two parties are involved in the transaction,namely the exporter and theimporter.
3.entrepot trade：refers to the transaction which involves importing goods from overasfor further processing or asmbling and then reexporting the goods abroad. Entrepottrade involves only one party, who is the importer, the processor and at thesame time also the exporter.
4.invisibletrade(无形贸易):忽然的意思没有实物形态的技术和服务的进出口。例如，机器、设备、家具等都是有实物形态的商品，这些商品的进出口称为有形贸易。专利使用权的转让、旅游、金融保险企业跨国提供服务等都是没有实物形态的商品，其进出口称为无形贸易。
5.transittrade(过境贸易): if goods are transportedfrom the producing country to the consuming country via a third country’sborder. It can be further divided into direct transit trade and indirecttransit trade.
6.actualdelivery（实际交货）：refers to a deliverysituation in which when the ller delivers the buyer does physically receivethe goods.
惠安县人民政府
7.appropriation（划拨，分拨）：is another critical stage in the process of delivery. It refers to the act of clearly identifyingthe goods as the goods assigned for a particular contract.
8.arrivalcontract（到货合同）：means a contract using anincoterm which indicates that the delivery happens when the goods arrive at thedestination.
9.shipmentcontract（装运合同）：is a contract using anincoterm which indicates that the delivery happens at the time or before thetime of shipment.
10.shipmentnotice（装船通知）：The party arrangesshipment shall provide his counterpart with sufficient notice related to thetransportation. Inability to provide sufficient and prompt shipment notice tothe counterpart
may lead to the failure of transfer or advancedtransfer of risk.
11.symbolicdelivery(象征性交货)：is a delivery situation in which when the ller delivers the buyer doesnot physically receive the goods. This kind of delivery is proved by thesubmission of transport document by the ller to the buyer.
12.QC(quality control): 1)Seller’s expen to cover checkingoperations: quality control during the production, measuring, weighing andcounting a the time of delivery.2)Buyer’s necessity to inspect the goods beforetaking delivery, hence he must pay pre-shipment inspection.3)Seller pay anycosts of inspections mandated by the local authorities which is normally partof customs clearance .
13.commission(佣金)：指中间商因向卖方（或买方）介绍生意或代卖代买货物而收取的酬金。
14.counter-offer（还盘）：a reply to an offer which contains additions, limitations orother modeifications.
15.discount（折扣，贴现）：指卖方按照原价给予买方一定百分比的减让。
17.ECFFE(exportcost for foreign exchange ratio)（出口换汇成本）：指每出口换回一个单位的外汇（通常为美元）需花费多少本币数额的成本。是外贸企业核算其出口经济效益的重要指标之一。
18.qualitytolerance(品质公差)：refers to the qualitydeviation recognized,which allows the quality of the goods delivered to have certaindifference within a range.
19.sale bysample（凭样品买卖）怒气冲天的意思: A sale is made by samplewhen the ller and buyer agree that samples are ud as reference of qualityand condition of goods to be delivered. Ud when it is difficult to describequality of the commodity by words.
20.quantitylatitude（数量机动幅度）:窠臼怎么读是指卖方可按买卖双方约定某一具体数量多交或少交若干的幅度。因为有些商品受货源变化，商品特性（比如某些农产品、矿产品），尤其是运输工具的限制，合同中若规定一个固定的交货数量，将给卖方履行合同带来困难。因此，为了顺利履行合同，在长期的贸易实践中形成了规定数量机动幅度条款的做法，对于那些数量难以严格限定的商品，在规定的机动幅度内可以有数量的增加和减少，对此均不构成违约。
21.sale byspecifications（凭规格买卖）成功故事69乐园:the specifications of acommodity compri some important indicators . defining quality byspecification is simple and accurate, therefore is widely ud in internationaltrade
22.sale bystandard（凭标准买卖）:亲情作文开头是指买卖双方在交易中以商品的标准表示商品品质。商品的标准是指将商品的规格和等级予以标准化，商品的标准，有的由国家或有关政府主管部门规定，也有由同业公会，交易所或国际性的工商组织规定，有些商品习惯于标准买卖，人们往往使用某种标准作为说明和评定商品品质的依据。
23.more or lessclau（溢短装条款）: For the sake ofefficient shipment and less compl
exity in contract execusion it is common toallow the ller to deliver the goods with a certain percentage of more or lessib quantity accordingly. Concerns three issues:1)how much more or less shouldbe allowed 2)which party is entitled to make the decision 3)how should the moreor less portion of the goods be priced.
健康歌舞蹈视频
24.neutralpacking（中性包装）: No marking of origin orname of the manufacturer should appear on the product, on the shipping packingor sale packaging.
25.FAQ(fairaverage quality)（良好平均品质）:the abbreviation of “fairaverage quality”. It is a kind of standard ud to indicate that the quality ofthe product offered is about equal to the average quality level of the same crop within a certain period of time
