Chapter One Human Resource
Question: What is the Definition of Human Resources?
Answer: The number one glossary suggestion and question that people request is: “What is the definition of human resources?” William R. Tracey, in The Human Resources Glossary defines Human Resources as: “The people that staff and operate an organization … as contrasted with the financial and material resources of an organization. The organizational function that deals with the people ...” Long a term ud sarcastically by individuals in the line organization, becau it relegates humans to the same category as financial and material resources, human resources will be replaced by more customer-friendly terms in the future.
Chapter Two Market Rearch
Market rearch is the process of systematically gathering, recording and analyzing data and information about customers, 鼢鼠competitors and the market. Its us include to help creat
e a business plan, launch a new product or rvice, fine tune existing products and rvices, and expand into new markets. Market rearch can be ud to determine which portion of the population will purcha a product/rvice, bad on variables like age, gender, location and income level.
Chapter Three Product Life Cycle
Product lifecycle management (PLM) is the process of managing the entire lifecycle of a product from its conception, through design and manufacture, to rvice and disposal.[1] PLM integrates people, data, process and business systems and provides a product information backbone for companies and their extended enterpri
Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) is more to do with managing descriptions and properties of a product through its development and uful life, mainly from a business/engineering point of view; whereas Product life cycle management (PLCM) is to do with the life of a product in the market with respect to business/commercial costs and sales measures.
Chapter Four Electronic Commerce
Electronic commerce, commonly known as e-commerce or eCommerce, consists of the buying and lling of products or rvices over electronic systems such as the Internet and other computer networks. The amount of trade conducted electronically has grown extraordinarily since the spread of the Internet. A wide variety of commerce is conducted in this way, spurring and drawing on innovations in electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, Internet marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange (EDI), inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems. Modern electronic commerce typically us the World Wide Web at least at some point in the transaction's lifecycle, although it can encompass a wider range of technologies such as e-mail as well.
Chapter Five International Trade I
Eye contact
In the US, UK and much of northern Europe, strong, direct eye contact conveys confidence and sincerity. In South America it is a sign of trustworthiness. However, in some cultures such as the Japane, prolonged eye contact is considered rude and is generally avoided.
Personal space and touch
In Europe and North America, business people will usually leave a certain amount of distance between themlves when interacting. Touching only takes place between friends.
In South America or the Middle East, business people are tactile and like to get up clo.
In Japan or China, it is not uncommon for people to leave a gap of four feet when conversing. Touching only takes place between clo friends and family members.
Time
Western societies are very clock conscious.. Time is money and punctuality is crucial. This is also the ca in countries such as Japan or China where being late would be taken as an insult.
However, in South America, southern Europe and the Middle East, being on time for a meeting does not carry the same n of urgency.
修身之道
Meeting and greeting
Most international business people meet with a handshake.
In some countries, this is not appropriate between genders. Some may view a weak handshake as sign of weakness whereas others would perceive a firm handshake as aggressive.
How should people be addresd? Is it by first name, surname or title? Is small talk part of the proceedings or not?
Gift giving
青虾仁
In Japan and China gift-giving is an integral part of business protocol. However in the US or UK, it has negative connotations.
Where gifts are exchanged, should one give lavish gifts? Are they always reciprocated? Should they be wrapped? Are there numbers or colours that should be avoided?
All the above in one way or another will impact cross cultural negotiation and can only be learnt through cross cultural training. Doing or saying the wrong thing at the wrong time, poor communication and cross cultural misunderstandings can all have harmful conquences.
Cross cultural negotiation training builds its foundations upon understanding etiquettes and approaches to business abroad before focusing on cross cultural differences in negotiation styles and techniques.灵魂出窍日遍全校
Chapter Six International Trade II
The Chine mainland registered a trade deficit of 77.56 billion U.S. dollars with Taiwan l
ast year, according to the Ministry of Commerce (MOC) on Friday.
社会实践家长评语Trade volume between the mainland and Taiwan reached 124.48 billion U.S. dollars, up 15.4 percent year on year, MOC statistics show. 高兴地造句>团结批评团结
>天水桥
