2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
Section I: U of English
Directions: Read the following text. Choo the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
In Cambodia, the choice of a spou is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, １tho of the young women, but also a matchmaker. A young man can 2 a likely spou on his own and then ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spou, giving the child little to say in the lection. 4 , a girl may veto the spou her parents have chon. 5 a spou has been lected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family.
The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, 7 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short rmon and 8 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, 9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and 10 a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 11 .Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may12 with them u
p to a year, 13 they can build a new hou nearby.
Divorce is legal and easy to 14 , but not common. Divorced persons are 15 with some disapproval. Each spou retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage, and jointly –acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice 19 up :The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry20 the woman must wait ten months.
函数连续的定义1. [A] by way of [B] on behalf of [C] as well as [D] with regard to
2. [A] adapt to [B] provide for [C] compete with [D] decide on
3. [A] clo [B] renew [C] arrange [D] postpone
4. [A] Above all [B] In theory [C] In time [D] For example
5. [A] Although [B] Lest [C] After [D] Unless
6. [A] into [B] within [C] from [D] through
7. [A] sine [B] but [C] or [D] so
8. [A] copy [B] test [C] recite [D] create
9. [A] folding [B] piling [C] wrapping [D] tying
10. [A] passing [B] lighting [C] hiding [D] rving擂鼓助威
11. [A] meeting [B] collection [C] association [D] union
12. [A] grow [B] part [C] deal [D] live
13. [A] whereas [B] until [C] if [D] for
14. [A] obtain [B] follow [C] challenge [D]avoid
15. [A] isolated [B] persuaded [C] viewed [D] expod
16. [A] whatever [B] however [C] whenever [D] wherever
17. [A] changed [B] brought [C] shaped [D] pushed
18. [A] withdrawn [B] invested [C] donated [D] divided
19. [A] breaks [B] warms [C] shows [D] clears
20. [A] so that [B] while [C] once [D] in that
Section II: Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C, or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
France, which prides itlf as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting ex treme dieting.
Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by lo
oks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models ems to go beyond protecting models from starving themlves to death –as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it nds women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must u to determine their individual worth.
The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to woman (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.
The French measures, however, rely too much on vere punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep ---and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.
The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to t voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.
In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models .The newly revid Danish Fashion Ethical charter clearly states: “we are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.” The charter’s main to ol of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion week (CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute .But in general it relies on a name-and -shame method of compliance.
Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misu of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of
a particular industry.
21. According to the first Paragraph, what would happen in France?
[A] New runways would be constructed.
[B] Physical beauty would be redefined.
[C] Websites about dieting would thrive.
[D] The fashion industry would decline.
22. The phra “impinging on” (Line 2, Para. 2) is clost in meaning to
[A] heightening the value of
[B] indicating the state of
[C] losing faith in
[D] doing harm to
23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?
[A] New standards are being t in Denmark.
[B] The French measures have already failed.
[C] Models are no longer under peer pressure.
[D] Its inherent problems are getting wor.
24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for __________
风景名胜图片[A] pursuing perfect physical conditions
[B] caring too much about models’ character
[C] showing little concern for health factors
[D] tting a high age threshold for models
25. Which of the following may be the best title of the text?
[A] A C hallenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals
[B] A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France
[C] Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty
[D] The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry
办公场地租赁Text 2
For the first time in the history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate “the countryside”alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what make them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.
宝宝拉绿便A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish hous but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever”. It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience “a refreshing air”. Hill’s pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green bel ts. They don’t make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it. It needs constant guardianship.
At the next election none of the big parties em likely to endor this ntiment. The Conrvatives’ planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conrvation, even authorizing “off–plan” building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewi wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppo development. The Liberal Democrats are silent. Only Ukip, nsing its chance, has sides with tho pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Conrvative parties.
The nsible place to build new hous, factories and offices is where people are, in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyed recently identified enough sites for half of million hous in the London area alone, with no intrusion on green belt. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.
The idea that “housing crisis” equals “concreted meadows” is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more hous but, as always, where to put them. Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biad one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conrvation areas in this way. Why ruin rural ones?
Development should be planned, not let rip. After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe’s most crowed country. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative---the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.
中国四大名著
26. Britain’s public ntiment about the countryside __________
[A] didn’t start t ill the Shakespearean age
[B] has brought much benefit to the NHS
[C] is fully backed by the royal family
[D] is not well reflected in politics
蒸罗非鱼
27. According to paragraph 2，the achievements of the National Trust are now being_____
[A] gradually destroyed
[B] effectively reinforced
[C] largely overshadowed
[D] properly protected
28. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 3?
[A] Labour is under attack for opposing development.
[B] The Conrvatives may abandon “off-plan” building.
[C] The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence.
[D] Ukip may gain from its support for rural conrvation.
29. The author holds that George Osborne’s preference ________
[A] highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure
[B] shows his disregard for the character of rural areas
[C] stress the necessity of easing the housing crisis
数学手抄报六年级[D] reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas
30. In the last paragraph, the author show his appreciation of________
[A] the size of population in Britain
[B] the political life in today’s Britain
[C] the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain
[D] the town-and-country planning in Britain
Text 3
“There is one and only one social responsibility of business,” wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel Prize-winning economist. “That is, to u its resources and engage in ac tivities designed to increa its profits.” But even if you accept Friedman’s premi and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) polic ies as a waste of shareholders’money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut. New rearch suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies ---at least when they are procuted for corruption.
The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their business in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal” that a company’s products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a com pany’s products as an indirect way to d onate to the good caus it helps. And third, through a more diffu “halo effect”, whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.
Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating the effects becau consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to parate them by looking at bribery procutions under America’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). It argues that since procutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.
The study found that, among procuted firms, tho with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms’political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.
In all, the study concludes that whereas procutors should only evaluate a ca bad on its me rits, they do em to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR. “We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% result in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials.” says one rearcher.
Rearchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much business ought to s
pend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies. But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.
31. The author views Milton Frie dman’s statement about CSR with_______
[A] tolerance
[B] skepticism
[C] uncertainty
[D] approval
32. According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by_______
[A] winning trust from consumers
[B] guarding it against malpractices
[C] protecting it from being defamed
[D]raising the quality of its products
33. The expression “more lenient” (line 2, Para.4) is clost in meaning to_______
[A] more effective
