《翻译理论与实践》课程教案
《翻译理论与实践》课程讲义
第一章翻译概述
学时：1周，共2学时
教学目的：了解翻译的实质，翻译的标准以及翻译（笔译）常用的两种方法
教学重点：翻译（笔译）常用的两种方法——直译与意译
教学难点：正确理解句子，运用适当的方法翻译句子
教学内容
煎熬歌词第一节翻译的实质和标准
一、翻译的实质
翻译是一种语言文字的实践，是利用一种语言文字把另外一种语言文字所表达的思
想确切而完善地重新表达出来的实践。
二、翻译的标准
清代学者严复明确提出“信、达、雅”三条标准,可以说在所有提法中影响最大。我
们认为一切理论都应该坚持对立统一的观点, 都应以“正确”和”通顺”作为准则。在此基础上,还要注意原文的语言形式和文体风格。
翻译的方法
正确理解句子
要正确理解句子需要三方面的知识:1.词汇知识 2.语法知识 3. 上下文知识
三、直译和意译
直译和意译是翻译中最常用的两种方法. 如果原语的词汇意义、句法结构、文体风格与译
语风格一致或相似,即可用直译. 如:Still waters run deep, 译为”静水流深”. 但如果两种语言
在表达同一思想内容时,词汇意义、句法结构、文体风格相差悬殊,就只有采用意译手段才
能达到翻译标准的要求.
练习题：
1.Every state is the best judge of what is required to safeguard its national curity.
2. It is possible that they never imagined that any considerable amount of public opinion would be rallied in their favor.
3. We may define chemistry as the science in which we deal with the chemical change as a result
of which it is possible to reform a new substance.
4. There was nothing mass produced about the school, but if it was individualistic, it also had discipline.
第二章词语理解
学时：1周，共2学时
教学目的：正确理解词义，并对词义做出判断。
教学重点：判断词义的常用方法。
教学难点：英语词汇的多义性。
教学内容
第一节词义的选择
反手攻球一、词义的选择
翻译中错译的情况常常是由于对词语的词义理解不准确引起的一个词在一个句中只能有一
个确切的意义。在翻译实践中,我们必须对词的概念范围加以分析,从语法上,逻辑上对词义做出恰当的判断。
二、词义判断的方法
1．根据上下文确定词义
2．根据词的搭配确定词义
3．根据词的词性确定词义
第二节词语的引申
在翻译时往往会遇到这样的情况:有些词按其字面意义来翻译,或不能确切表达原文意思,或译文生硬晦涩。因此,在翻译中有的词语需要在其所具有的词义上加以引申,选择比较恰当的词语来表达;有的则需要增减词语才能使译文流畅。
练习题：
1.There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the rearch techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.
2. Last December, the Post first report that probes were being made in each of tho citie
s, but officials refud to confirm the story.
3.The reason? University medical schools can only find places for half of tho who apply.
第三章词语增补
学时：1周，共2学时
粤式早茶教学目的：了解英译汉时词语增补的各种情况并掌握翻译方法。
教学重点：掌握词语增译的方法。
教学难点：翻译要做到增词不增意。
教学内容
第一节词义的选择
增词是指在翻译时根据上下文和逻辑关系增添原文中没有出现但实际内容已经包含的词, 要
做到增词不增意.
第二节词语增译的方法
1．结构增词
2．语义增词
3．增补概括性的词
4．增译语气连贯的词
5．为沟通不同文化而加词
练习题：
1. In America, motorcar factories were closing down in early 1961.
飞檐走壁2. The Greeks pushed northward, gained veral victories.
3. Everybody has a responsibility to the society of which he is a part and through
this to mankind.
4. Past retirement age, Dr. Lin is as vivacious as ever.巨蟹和天蝎
第四章词语转类（1）
重阳节主题学时：1周，共2学时
教学目的：了解英译汉时词语转类的各种情况并掌握翻译方法。
教学重点：掌握词语转类的方法。
教学内容
第一节词语转类
由于英汉两种语言表达方式的不同, 要逐字对译并原封不动译成同一词性是不可能的.
第二节词语转类的方法
1．名词与动词互转
2．形容词译成动词
3．名词译成形容词
4．派生词之间的转换
练习题：
1. They found difficulty in solving the engineering problem.
2. Warnings were t out against the approaching storm.
3. He was motivated by a desire to reach a compromi.
4. She knew his every posture — he was tired and depresd.
第五章词语转类（2）
女人梦见坟墓有预兆学时：1周，共2学时
教学目的：了解英译汉时词语转类的各种情况并掌握翻译方法。
教学重点：掌握词语转类的方法。
教学内容
词语转类的方法
1．名词转译成动词
2．介词、副词转译成动词
3．形容词转译成动词
两面三刀什么意思练习题：
1. He who is subject to temptations tends to err.
2. Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young man's past wrong doings.
3. He had never been a medical student, yet he was given one of tho rare honorary de
grees of Doctor of Science.
4. He studied law in his spare time and became a lawyer. He was a good speaker and student of political philosophy. His ability finally made a name for him.
5. The interest the United Nations has always shown in this problem, which has been a distinguishing feature of its work since its inception, has incread as the newly independent
countries joined its ranks.
第六章代词的理解
学时：1周，共2学时
教学目的：了解英译汉时代词的理解和翻译的各种情况并掌握翻译方法。
教学内容
英语中代词的使用频率远远超过汉语.翻译代词首先要理解文中的代词具体是指什么。
1. It is a strange thought, but I believe a correct one, that twenty or thirty pages of ideas and
information would be capable of turning the prent-day world upside down, or even destroying it.
二三十页的想法和情报竟能把当今世界搞得天翻地覆,甚至把它毁掉,这是一个奇怪的想法,
但我认为是正确的。
which only our most progressive forms of modern
2. It is the ideal condition of the “equal start”
education try to regain.
只有”平等起步”的这种理想状况,才是我们现代教育中这些最进步的形式所努力恢复的.
3. You can almost put it down as a general rule in this town that presidents often invite “hone
it when they do.
it, and usually don’t follow
criticism” from their aids, but ldom get
你几乎可把下面的这一点看成首都的惯例: 历届总统经常请他们的助手提出直率的批评,
但很难得到这种批评, 当得到了,一般也不大去采纳。
4. But for many, the fact that poor people are able to support themlves almost as well without
