Polygon Pours & Copper Regions
Summary
Application Note
AP0101 (v2.7) August 14, 2008
This application note looks at using polygon pours to create regions of copper on a PCB. It covers such topics as placing and modifying polygon pours, tting properties, controlling the clearance using design rules and repouring.
A copper pour on a signal layer is a common part of a PC
B design. This may be a hatched ground pour on an analog design; a solid power supply pour for carrying heavy currents; or a solid ground pour for EM
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C shielding. Designers requiring large areas of solid copper in their PCB designs can u fills or copper regions, or polygon pours.
Fills and Copper Regions
Fills (Place » Fill ) are limited to a rectangular shape and will not pour around other objects
such as pads, vias, tracks, fills or text.
Figure 1. A lected copper region. A copper region (Place » Solid Region ) is a polygon-type solid copper area, i.e. a multi-sided,
filled object, and will not pour around other objects. You can t the layer and net associated
with the region through the Region dialog. If you lect the Polygon Cutout option, a negative
copper region is created which will create a cutout when placed over a solid polygon pour. If you lect the Board Cutout option, the region is not treated as a copper area, becomes
multi-layered and reprent an aperture through the entire board.
Polygon Pours
A Polygon Pour (Place » Polygon Pour ) creates large areas of solid or hatch-filled copper
that can fill irregularly shaped areas. As they are poured, polygon pours allow for clearances
around electrical objects of a different net or can connect to objects of the same net.
Clearances can be t using the PCB Clearance design rules.
Figure 2. A hatched polygon pour showing varying clearances around electrical objects. When you place a polygon pour, you are defining the outline of a polygon object. There are
three ways that the polygon object can be defined – as a solid filled polygon, a hatched fill
polygon with tracks ud to create the hatch effect, or an outline only with no fill.
Solid Pours
If the polygon pour’s Fill Mode is t to Solid (Copper Regions) in the Polygon Pour dialog,
the area inside the polygon boundary is filled with copper regions (complying with applicable
design rules such as copper clearance). It places a copper region in each individual area
that it finds within the boundary. The areas are created by existing objects such as tracks
and pads. Hatched Pours
The copper pour for a polygon can be crosshatched at 90° or 45°, or filled with horizontal or vertical lines. Thermal
considerations may determine the style of hatching ud in a design. If you have the polygon pour’s Fill Mode t to Hatched (Tracks/Arcs) in the Polygon Pour dialog, it first outlines all the objects that are within the boundary using tracks and arcs (routing tracks, pads, vias, etc) and then fills in each outlined area with tracks.
Unfilled Pours
If you have the polygon pour’s Fill Mode t to None (Outlines Only) in the Polygon Pour dialog, it outlines the boundary using tracks and arcs in compliance with applicable design rules, such as copper clearance. You may wish to u this option if you want to place a polygon during the design pha, but do not want it to slow system performance. The polygon can be re-poured with the desired hatching before generating output.
Polygon Pours & Copper Regions
Polygon Pour Cutouts
Polygon Pour Cutouts are negative copper regions, i.e. they are
ud for the removal of copper definitions. They can be ud to
cutout the copper from any polygon pour type.
For access detailed information about a design object (e.g. Fill,
Region, Polygon Pour, Polygon Pour Cutout), press F1 when the
cursor is over the object
.
Placing Polygon Pours Figure 3. Polygon Pour Cutout placed on a Solid fill polygon
自多pour (left) and the polygon repoured (right).
Polygon pours can be placed on any lected layer of a PCB. Select the Place » Polygon Pour command and the Polygon Pour dialog
(Figure 8) displays to allow you to t the fill and net connection
options. See Setting Polygon Pour Properties for more information.
Click OK and the cursor changes to a crosshair, ready to draw the polygon outline.
Drawing the outline of a polygon pour is similar to placing tracks during routing, i.e. click to place the polygon vertices and right-click (or press ESC ) to fill the polygon and exit polygon pour placement mode. While defining the shape of the polygon pour, press SHIFT + SPACEBAR to cycle through the polygon corner styles of any angle, 45°, 45° with arc, 90° or 90° with arc, as shown in Figure 4. U SPACEBAR to toggle the direction of the corner for angular and arced styles.
U BACKSPACE to delete the last placed vertex point. There is no need to clo the polygon, as the PCB Editor will
automatically complete the shape by adding a track from the start point to the last vertex point placed. This ‘auto clo’ track
displays as a white, unfilled track as you place the polygon (Figure 5).
Figure 4. Polygon Pour corner styles.
Figure 5. Placing the Polygon Pour, showing the auto-clo track.
Setting Polygon Pour Properties
The Polygon Pour dialog displays when you lect the Place »
Polygon Pour command from the menus or you can press TAB while
in placement mode. Alternatively, double-click on a polygon pour, or
right-click on a lected polygon pour and lect Properties .
Setting the Fill Mode
To create a solid polygon pour, click on the Solid (Copper Regions)
option and a region of solid copper will be created. You can u
polygon pour cutouts with a solid polygon pour. In this mode, you can
also Remove Islands less than a nominated area and Remove
Necks when the copper width is less than a nominated width. The Arc
微信二维码生成Approximation option allows for a maximum deviation from the
perfect arc ud when the copper is poured around pads or vias (the
lower the value, the smoother the arc).
To create a hatched polygon pour, click on the Hatched
(Tracks/Arcs) option. The fill pattern for the pour is determined using
a combination of the Grid Size , Track Width and Hatch Mode
options that become available. The fill will be created out of tracks
(and arcs) automatically placed according to the ttings. The Grid
Figure 6. The Polygon Pour dialog
Polygon Pours & Copper Regions
Size determines the spacing between the centers of the tracks ud for hatching.
This grid ideally should be a fraction of the component pin pitch to allow efficient
placement of the tracks.
When hatched polygon pours are poured, they can contain many short pieces of
tracks and arcs, placed to create smooth edges around the existing objects on the
board. Set the Minimum primitive length as appropriate, considering that a larger
value gives faster pour times, screen redraws and output generation but downgrades
the smoothness of the polygon edges. Setting the Surround Pads With option to
Octagons instead of Arcs has a similar effect on the repour times and smoothing. Grid size: 30mil Track width: 10mil
90° hatch. Grid size: 20mil Track width: 10mil 45° hatch. If you are changing a hatched polygon pour to a solid pour, u the Tools » Polygon
Pours » Convert Hatched Polygons To Solid command to t the extents of the
repoured polygon as well as remove islands and necks and t the arc
approximation. Figure 7. Hatching style examples Defining the Net Connection Styles
The polygon pour can be attached to a net. When a netlist exists in the PCB document, enable the Connect to Net option and lect the required net from the drop-down list. The polygon pour will now connect to each pad on this net found within the outline of the polygon, in accordance with the Polygon Connect Style design rule (e Setting the Polygon Connect Style Design Rule for more information).
When placed in occupied board space on a signal layer, polygon pours will automatically pour copper around any existing
electrical objects (tracks, pads, vias, fills, etc) belonging to one or more different nets, while maintaining the clearances specified in pertinent design rules. The Net Options region of the Polygon Pour dialog provides a drop-down field with options that
determine pour behavior when poured over net objects belonging to the same net as the polygon po
ur:
Connect to Net +12V, and Don’t Pour Over
Same Net Objects. • Pour Over All Same Net Objects – choo this option if you want a polygon pour to automatically connect to all objects on the same net as the pour.
• Pour Over Same Net Polygons Only – choo this option (default) if you
want the polygon pour to automatically connect to only polygon pour objects
inside its boundary, and which are associated to the same net.
• Don't Pour Over Same Net Objects – choo this option if you specifically
do not wish the polygon pour to connect to any other net objects – either
belonging to the same or different parent net as itlf.
If either of the first two options are chon and the polygon pour is assigned to
No Net , it will pour around all objects regardless of their net assignments.
Connect to Net +12V, and Pour Over All Same Net Objects.Figure 8. Net Connection examples
If a polygon pour is placed on a non-signal layer it will not be poured around
existing objects, as the objects are not assigned to a net and therefore do not
belong to anything.
Removing Dead Copper
Figure 9. Connect to Net +12V
with Remove Dead Copper
option enabled. If the Remove Dead Copper option is enabled, any regions of ‘dead’ copper within the
polygon pour will be deleted. Dead copper is created when an area of the pour cannot be
connected to the lected net and appears as unconnected ‘islands’ of copper within the
polygon pour. Dead copper is created when existing tracks, pads and vias prevent the polygon
pouring as one continuous area.
The entire polygon is removed if it does not enclo any pads on the lected net, as it is all
viewed as dead copper. Controlling the Clearance Using Design Rules
If a violation appears between the polygon pour and an object, eg. a pad, you can repour the polygon pour by double-clicking on it and confirming the tup. This results in the polygon pouring around the violating object, taking into account clearance and polygon clearance design rules. The design rules may be t by using the PCB Rules & Constraints Editor dialog (Design » Rules ).
Polygon Pours & Copper Regions
Polygon Clearance Rule
Create a Polygon Clearance rule (under
Electrical/Clearance in the PCB Rules & Constraints
Editor dialog) to control the distance between the
polygon pour and any other objects, e.g. pads, tracks or
fills. When creating Clearance rules for polygons, you
must u the InPolygon (or InPoly ) keyword, rather
than IsPolygon (or IsPoly ). This is becau the
clearance rules operate on the primitives (regions,
tracks and arcs) that make up (or are ‘in’) the polygon
pour, rather than the polygon pour as a whole object. A
valid clearance rule for polygon pours would be
between "InPolygon" objects and all other objects.
The Polygon Clearance rule must have a higher priority
than any general clearance rule if it is to have any effect (1 is the highest priority).
Figure 10. Polygon Clearance rule in PCB Rules & Constraints Editor. Online DRC (design rule check) will show violations but if there are any track width violations, for example, they are
displayed only once. If you move a polygon pour or change the clearance, the online DRC will not display the violations again. This saves refresh time when large solid polygon pours are prent. Run the DRC manually to check for any violations (Tools » Design Rule Check ).
Setting the Polygon Connect Style Design Rule
Figure 11. Polygon Connect Style rule in PCB Rules & Constraints Editor.
To control how a polygon pour connects to pads and
vias when the Connect to Net option is ud, t the
Plane/ Polygon Connect Style design rule (Design »
Rules ). This rule specifies the style of the connection
from a component pin to a polygon pour.
Three connection options are available: direct (solid
copper to the pin); thermal relief (the width, number and
angle of connections can be t) or no connection.
Repouring Polygon Pours
To repour a polygon pour, click to lect and then move
the polygon pour, or press TAB (or double-click) and
水手歌词change the ttings. Alternatively, right-click on a
lected polygon pour and choo from the Polygon
Actions » Repour options. Confirm the repour by
clicking Yes in the rebuild Confirm dialog. Creating a Polygon Pour From a Set of Tracks
You can create a polygon pour from a t of placed tracks using a process parameter attached to the process筹码分布图怎么看
PCB:RunScissors . Select Customize from the right-click menu when over the menu toolbar, copy the Slice Polygon Pour command from the Place menu, rename the caption and change the process parameter to Mode=POLY_FROM_SEL_PRIMS . Then, lect the joining tracks required to make the polygonal outline for the pour and choo this new command. A new unfilled polygon (Fill Mode t to None) is created on the same layer and with the same shape as the lected tracks. The tracks can be deleted if they are no longer required.
For more information on customization of environment resources, refer to the Customizing the Altium Designer Resources
tutorial.
Polygon Pours & Copper Regions Working with a Polygon Pour
Once you have defined the polygon pour, you can move, copy and paste, slice or reshape it. Delete
lected polygon pours by pressing the DELETE
key.
Figure 12. The rebuild
Confirm dialog
Moving a Polygon Pour
Click and drag to move a polygon pour. Hold down the SHIFT key to lect multiple polygon pours
to move. The rebuild Confirm dialog appears when you relea the mou button. Click Yes to
repour the polygon pour(s) and refresh the screen. Slicing a Polygon Pour
The Place » Slice Polygon Pour command is ud to slice a single polygon pour into two or more parate polygon pours. You are now in slice mode (similar to line placement mode), so click (or press ENTER ) to anchor a ries of vertex points that define the shape of the slice. When defining the slice, press SHIFT + SPACEBAR to cycle through the placement modes. Press
SPACEBAR to toggle between the Start and End modes. U the BACKSPACE key to remove the last placed slice gment. When you have finished defining the slice, right-click (or press ESC ). Continue defining more slices, or right-click (or press ESC ) to exit polygon pour slice mode.
A confirmation dialog appears stating how many new polygons will be created. Click Yes and confirm that you wish to rebuild the polygons.
Reshaping a Polygon Pour
Selected polygon pours can be reshaped
by clicking on the vertices or midpoints
and dragging them to the required new
高中必背古诗词location. You can also edit the shape by
moving and inrting vertices. Right-click
and lect Polygon Actions » Move
Vertices. Click on a vertex and move the
cursor to the position required then click
again to t the position of this vertex.
Continue moving other vertices, or right-
click (or press ESC
) to exit.
Figure 13. Greater control when placing and editing polygons: note that the sliding of polygon edges can only be performed when in Move Polygon Vertices mode. To inrt a vertex, click-and-hold on the
small midpoint cross in the line gment and drag it to where the new vertex is required. Right-click and confirm to rebuild the new shape for the polygon
pour. Additionally, editing of placed
polygons supports the sliding of edges (including arcs).
Shelving a Polygon Pour
If a design has numerous polygon pours, especially of the larger, hatch-filled variety, repouring can be resource intensive. To alleviate this, you could temporarily change the Fill Mode of all such pours to None - meaning that only the outline tracks will be displayed. Alternatively, a more convenient method of maximizing system performance during the design pha is to temporarily hide all polygon pours in the design - a feature known as Shelving .
To shelve all polygon pours in the current design, lect the Tools » Polygon Pours » Shelve n Polygon(s) command (where n is the number of polygon pours that have been detected in the design).
To restore all shelved polygon pours, lect the Tools » Polygon Pours » Restore n Shelved Polygon(s) command (where n is the number of polygon pours that are currently shelved).
Using Polygon Pours on Non-copper Layers
Polygon pours can be ud on non-copper layers for purely display reasons, e.g. to define parate areas of the board. If a polygon pour is placed on a non-signal layer, it will not pour around existing objects becau they are not assigned to a net.
For more information on editing polygon pours, refer to the PCB Editor and Object Reference
document.
Polygon Pours & Copper Regions
Managing Polygon Pours
Using the Polygon Pour Manager
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The Polygon Pour Manager dialog provides a high-level view of all polygons on the entire PCB document. This manager also enables you to name and rename each polygon, t the pour order of polygons, perform re-pouring or shelving actions on lected polygons and add/scope design rules for lected polygons as well.
The View/Edit Section in this dialog allows you to: name the existing polygons so they can be ud to scope polygon rules or to include them in a polygon class; sort the existing polygons using one of the 6 columns; or Shelve, Lock, Repour polygons, or ignore polygons from on-line DRC.
The Pour Order ction at the bottom of this dialog allows you to re-arrange the pour order of polygons with the Move Up, Move Down, and Auto Generate buttons. Pour order can be important when there is a polygon completely within another polygon, typically you would order from the smallest polygon to the largest polygon. The Auto Generate button will order the polygons from smallest area to largest area, on a layer-by-layer basis.
Since the polygon manager can perform actions that change the design, such as repouring lected polygons, it must execute pending actions before accepting a new request that can change the design. A message alerting you about this will appear (Figure 14).
Figure 14. Any pending edits must be applied before a new edit can be accepted.
If you click the Repour button you have the choice of re-pouring all polygons, lected polygons or polygons that have violations. Update progress can be monitored on Altium Designer’s status bar.
If you perform a Shelve, Lock, or Ignore from DRC action for lected polygons the action is not performed immediately. In the cas the actions are performed when you click the Apply or OK buttons.
The Polygon Pour Manager dialog is launched from the Tools » Polygon Pours submenu.
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