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【红宝书】考研英语考前预测——最后冲刺3套题
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【红宝书】全国硕士研究生入学考试英语模拟试题(第三套)
Section I U of English
Directions:
Read the following text.Choo the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C,or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10points)
Culture is an activity of thought,and receptiveness to beauty and human feeling.__1__of information
元宵节朋友圈have nothing to do with it.A merely well-informed man is the most uless__2__on God’s earth.What we should__3__at producing is men who__4__both culture and expert knowledge in some special direction.Their expert knowledge will give them the ground to start__5__,and their culture will lead them as__6__as philosophy and as high as__7__.We have to remember that the valuable__8__development is lf-development,and that it__9__takes place between the ages of sixteen and thirty.As to training,the most important part is given by mothers before the age of twelve.
In training a child to activity of thought,above all things we must__10__of what I will call “inert ideas”——that is to say,ideas that are merely__11__into the mind without being__12__,or tested,or thrown into fresh combinations.
In the history of education,the most__13__phenomenon is that schools of learning,which at one epoch are alive with a craze for genius,in a__14__generation exhibit merely pedantry and routine.The reason is that they are overladen with inert ideas.Except at__15__intervals of intellectual motivation,education in the past has been radically__16__with inert ideas.That is the reason why__17__clever women,who have en much of the world,are in middle life so much the most cultured part of the community.They have been saved from this horrible __18__of inert ideas.Every intellectual revolution which has ever stirred humanity__19__greatness has been a__20__protest ag
ainst inert ideas.1．［A ］Chips
［B ］Scraps ［C ］Fractions ［D ］Plates 2．［A ］bore ［B ］irony ［C ］snob ［D ］gut 3．［A ］point ［B ］aim ［C ］clutch ［D ］snap 4．［A ］identify ［B ］occupy ［C ］posss ［D ］ensure 5．［A ］with ［B ］from ［C ］into ［D ］beyond 6．［A ］linear ［B ］deep ［C ］militant ［D ］odd 7．［A ］zoom ［B ］art ［C ］rap ［D ］poll
8．［A ］rational ［B ］physiological ［C ］divine ［D ］intellectual 9．［A ］
mostly
［B ］randomly ［C ］ldom
［D ］regularly
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10．［A ］beware
电子百拼［B ］dispo ［C ］ensure ［D ］boast 11．［A ］contained ［B ］received ［C ］squeezed ［D ］embedded 12．［A ］utilized ［B ］assd ［C ］gauged ［D ］geared 13．［A ］integral ［B ］classical ［C ］obscure
［D ］striking 14．［A ］succeeding ［B ］preceding ［C ］accompanying ［D ］emerging 15．［A ］rare ［B ］minor ［C ］scarce ［D ］regular 16．［A ］infected ［B ］influenced ［C ］instructed ［D ］endowed 17．［A ］unrefined ［B ］unintended ［C ］unrestrained ［D ］uneducated 18．［A ］load ［B ］burden ［C ］gap ［D ］span 19．［A ］off ［B ］on
［C ］into ［D ］with 20．［A ］
violent
［B ］passionate
［C ］exempt
［D ］idealistic
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40points)普洱茶怎么泡
Text 1
At the root of British decline was the persistence well into the twentieth century of the very organizational structures that had brought Britain to dominance in the nineteenth century.Fundamentally,Britain 's economic problem was not its “bloody -minded workers ”but its “narr
小学日记三年级ow -minded managers.”Major British firms continued to be controlled by proprietary interests,who,for fear of losing financial and managerial control over their enterpris,failed to make the investments in managerial structures!That came to characterize successful capitalist development in economies such as the United States,Germany,and Japan.With the consolidation of “managerial capitalism”in the nations in the first decades of this century,business that did not build managerial structures to plan and coordinate manufacturing and marketing could not hope to compete effectively in international competition for mass markets.Of particular relevance to the story being told here,in the abnce of investments in managerial structures,proprietary firms continued to rely on manual workers to coordinate the flow of work,the division of labor,and the training of young recruits on the shop -floor.
In the twentieth century as in the nineteenth century,the reliance of British capitalists on shop -floor labor to coordinate production activities continued to have the advantage of fixed costs that were low relative to the organizational and technological investments characterizing managerial capitalism as it was developing elwhere.But,over the cour of the twentieth century,as managerial enterpris in places such as the United States,Germany,and Japan began to transform the high fixed costs of their innovative investment strategies into low unit costs,the value -creating advantages of Britain 's low fixed cost,labor -intensive strategy became
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increasingly difficult to maintain.
As was the ca in the expansion of the British cotton textile industry before World War I,value creation came to depend increasingly on the supply of greater effort by shop -floor workers rather than on the planned coordination of effort -saving technology by managers.The British labor -intensive strategy,with its low fixed costs and reliance on worker effort,could compete for a time against high fixed cost competition.But,with the development and utilization of effort saving technologies elwhere,the competitive capabilities of British effort -using strategies reached their social and technical limits.
By the first decades of the twentieth century,therefore,Britain was no longer the workshop of the world.Textiles and iron and steel,along with metalworking industries producing ships,locomotives ,steam engines,and textile machinery had formed the manufacturing basis of the nation 's nineteenth -century economic power.
果实累累读音
21.According to this article,what is the reason for the British decline?［A ］The workers didn 't work hard.
［B ］The owners of enterpris were narrow -minded and they were unwilling to renovate its
organizational structure.
［C ］“Managerial capitalism ”was consolidated in other countries in the first decades of the
twentieth century.
［D ］Both B and C.
22.Britain employed ＿＿＿strategy.［A ］effort -saving
［B ］high fixed innovative costs ［C ］labor -intensive ［D ］capital -intensive
23.Before World War I,British cotton textile industry 's value creation depended on ＿＿＿.［A ］low fixed costs
［B ］utilization of effort -saving technologies ［C ］greater effort by shop -floor workers ［D ］investments in managerial structures
24._________characterizes the United States,Germany and Japan 's successful capitalist
development.［A ］Low fixed costs
［B ］Utilization of effort -saving technologies ［C ］Greater effort by shop -floor workers ［D ］Investments in managerial structures
25.Which of the following isn 't true about managerial capitalism according to this article?［A ］Only tho enterpris that built managerial structure could hope to compete effectively in
international competition in the twentieth century.
［B ］Managerial capitalism was characterized by organizational and technological investments.
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［C ］Now compared with the innovative investment strategies,the labo-intensive strategy still
had advantage in value -creating becau of its low fixed costs.
［D ］A and B are true.
Text 2
Back in the 1870s,Charles Darwin’s cousin Francis Galton wanted to define the face of a criminal.He asmbled photographs of men convicted of heinous crimes and made a composite by lining them up on a single photographic plate.The surpri:everybody liked the villain,including Galton himlf.Hshowing
e reasoned that the villainous irregularities he suppod belonged to criminal faces had disappeared in the averaging process.In the next century,scientists began to show reliably that faces combined digitally on computers were likable —more so than the individual faces from which they were compod.Although people clearly admire the long legs of Brazilian model Ana Hickmann or Dolly Parton’s breasts,in general humans like averages.
Rearchers confirmed that humans judge real faces by their differences or similarities from a norm.But they also found that the norm can change quickly.When rearchers showed 164people ts of 100computer-generated faces reprenting a slow transition from male to female —and from Japane to Caucasian —it turned out that the test subjects’idea of what constitute an “average ”face shifted depending on the first face they saw.When they were flashed a supermasculine face first,more faces on the spectrum impresd them,by contrast,as female.The masculine face had,in effect,t a standard.From then on,other faces had to be more masculine in order to rate as belonging to the gender.The study noted a similar shift using a scale of faces moving from surpri to disgust.
The authors,who published their results in the journal Nature,conclude that in real life we also quickly change our perception of the midpoint —what’s normal —depending on what we e.We may not be
aware that our judgment has changed;we simply e differently,says Michael Webster,a psychologist at the University of Nevada in Reno and coauthor of the study.
One implication is that individual and social attitudes toward what’s acceptable,and what’s beautiful,change over time.“If you look at plastic-surgery trends,in the 1950s and 1960s you saw little upturned nos,”notes Harvard psychologist Nancy Etcoff,author of the book Survival of the Prettiest:The Science of Beauty.“Now the nos are broader and the lips are plumper.We re eing images from around the globe,and it’s changing our idea of the average.”So if you’re unhappy with some aspect of your face,take comfort:beauty is a moving target.26.Francis Galton’s test shows that ________.
［A ］people prefer average faces to tho with conspicuous features ［B ］sometimes evil persons have more attractive appearance
［C ］it is hard to distinguish between criminals and ordinary people ［D ］the result of trying to read faces is a shock to average people
端午节手抄报27.By mentioning the experiment in the cond paragraph,the author implies that _______.［A ］our definition of what’s normal varies with gender ［B ］our focus of attention varies with gender an
d age ［C ］our definition of what’s average changes over time ［D ］our focus of attention is distracted when interfered
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