被动语态
一、被动语态概述：
语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用"被"、"受"、"给"等词来表示被动意义。
如：He opened the door. 他打开了这扇门。（主动语态）
The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。（被动语态）
二、被动语态的用法：
1、不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。
The bridge was builtlast year.这座桥是去年建造的。
He was electe d chairm an.他被选为主席。
2、当更加强调动作的承受者时。此时动作的执行者由by引导置于谓语动词之后，不需
要时可以省略。
The room hasn't been cleane d yet.房间还没有打扫。
The tigerwas killed by him.老虎被他杀死了。
3、当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。如：
The window was blownby wind.窗户被风吹开了。
The wholevillag e has been washed away by the flood.整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。
4、表示客观的说明常用"It is + 过去分词."句型。
It is said that Lucy has gone abroad.据说露茜已经出国了。
It is believ ed that he is a spy. (=He is believ ed to be a spy.)大家相信他是个间谍。
5、其它常见的"It is + 过去分词+ that"句型还有:
It is report ed that…据报道
It is said that…据说
It is believ ed that…大家相信
爱国手抄报内容It is sugges ted that…有人建议
三、主动语态变为被动语态
1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤：
（1）将主动句的宾语变为主语：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如：Tom killed him. → He was killed by Tom.
（2）将动词改为"be+过去分词"。
They held a meetin g yester day. → A meetin g was held by them yester day.(他们昨天开会了) （3）将主动语态的主语改为b e…放在谓语动词后。
注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。
He sang a song. → A song was sung by him.
2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项：
（1）主动句中的主语如果是p eople, we, you, they, somebo dy等含糊地表示"人们"、"大家"的单词，变为主动句时，通常删去"by…"，但原主语被强调者除外。如：
They t up this hospit al in 1975. → This hospit al was t up in 1975.(这所医院建于1975年)。（2）含有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。
Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相。
We were told the truthby Jack.
The truthwas told (to) us by Jack.
五、动词的主动形式表示被动之意
以主动形式表示被动之意的动词多为连系动词，如：look, feel, smell等。下列动词没有被动式：happen，cost，take，have
An accide nt was happen ed yester day.（×）昨天发生了一起事故。
An accide nt happen ed yester day.（）
The flower smells sweet.这花闻起来很香。
The watchlooksgood.这表看起来很好。
This book llswell.这本书畅销。
六、各种时态的被动语态举例：
1．一般现在时（am/ is/ are + done）
Englis h is spoken by lots of people in the world.世界上的许多人都说英语。
2．一般过去时(was/ were +done)
The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那个男孩打碎了。
3．一般将来时(will/ shallbe + done; be goingto b e done)
A new road will be builtnext year. 明年要修一条新马路。
4．现在进行时与过去进行时(am/ is/ are being+done; was/ were being+ done)
The proble m is beingdiscus d now. 问题正在被讨论。
5．现在完成时(have/ has been + done)
Two hundre d treeshave been plante d by now. 到现在为止，已经种了二百棵树了。
6．过去完成时(had been+ done)
He had been tortur ed by the illnes s for many yearsbefore he died. 他在去世前已经被疾病折磨很多年了。
Exerci s es:
一、单项选择
1. Good books____ againand again.
A. should be readed
B. should be read
C. must read
D. oughtto read
2. The childr en ____ by the nur.
A. were looked
B. looked after
C. were looked after
D. looked
3. He ___ some pieces of advice, but he ____ to them.
A. gave, didn't listen
B. was given, wasn't listen ed
C. give, wasn't listen ed
D. was given, didn't listen
4. When____ the accide nt _____?
A. was, happen
B. did, happen
C. is, happen
D. was, happen ed
5. The questi on ____ by us soon.
A. is goingto discus s
B. will discus s
C. is goingto be discus d
D. has been discus d
6. The lab ____ aboutfor five years.
A. was builde d
B. was built
C. builds
D. has been built
7. A lot of tall buildi ngs _____in his hometo wn in the last threeyears.
A. have t up
B. have been t up
C. were t up
D. t up
8. They ____ printi ng 500 copies by the end of last month.
A. had finish ed
B. have finish ed
C. had been finish ed
D. have been finish ed
9. Rice ___ also _____in theirhometo wn.
A. is…grown
B. is…grew
C. was…grew
D. was…grown
10. He ____ by the teache rs.
A. is always praise d
B. praise s
C. have been praise d
写菊花的作文D. always is praise d
11. Greatchange s ____ place. Many new school s____ .
A. have taken, have been opened
B. take, are open
C. are taken, open
D. have been taken, are opened
12. The pictur e______ in Octobe r, 1996.
美国一号A. was taking
B. had been taken
C. was taken遇见另外一个
D. had taken
13. We can't u the bridge now, becaus e it______ .
A. has been repair ed
B. is repair ing
C. is repair ed
D. is beingrepair ed
14. I ______the way to the railwa y statio n by a police man.
A. was shown
B. showed
C. have shown
D. was showin g
15. The war______ in 1941.
A. brokeout
B. had been broken out
C. was broken out
D. had broken out
16. When the water______ , it will be change d into vapour.
A. is heated
B. heatin g
C. has heated
D. heats
17. We can't enterthe room becaus e its door______.
A. locked
B. locks
C. is locked
D. is lockin g
18. They ______day and night.
A. are made work
B. are made to work
C. made to be worked
D. are making to work
19. Chang'an Road is ______of people.
A. filled
B. fill
C. full
D. fulled
20. Man-made satell ites______intospaceby many countr ies.
A. was nt up
B. is nt up
C. have been nt up
D. has been nt up
21. This Englis h song _____often_____by the childr en.
A. is, singin g
B. is, sung
C. will, sing
D. was, sung
22.The window s of our hou_____o nce a week.
A. must clean
银变黑的原因B. have cleane d
C. is cleane d
D. are cleane d
23. When ______ the People's Republ ic of China_____?
A. was, found
B. was, founde d
C. did, found
D. does, found
24. Mary's radio______ by my brothe r just now.
A. will be mended
B. has mended
C. was mended
D. mended
25. Your exerci books_____afterclass.
A. will hand in
B. must hand in
C. handed in
D. must be handed in
淘宝论坛推广技巧
26. Some treesmay ______ at othertimesof the year.
A. be plante d
B. plant
C. are plante d
D. will be plante d
27. The sun _____at nightas usual.
A. can be en
B. can't e
C. can't be en
D. doesn't e
28. A new Englis h play _____therenext week.
A. will put on
B. will be put on C . is goingto put on D. will be putted on
29. A strang e thing_____in our school yester day.
A. was happen ed
B. has been happen ed
C. happen ed
D. was goingto happen
30. The glass______ . It _____by little Tom this mornin g.
A. broke, is broken
B. is broken, was broken
C. was broken, broke
D. has been broken, broken
二、把下列句子改为被动语态：
1. They hold a meetin g everyThursd ay.
2. The govern ment plante d thousa nds of treesi n 2010.
3. You can find a lot of differ ences betwee n the two langua ges.
4.We will build a new road next year.
5. The wind blew down the big tree last night.
8. Mother was not mendin g the trouse rs.
9. They wouldnot take him to Beijin g.
10. Nobody knew me in this town at that time.
定语从句练习
1.The man ______ we met was a cartoo nist.
A who
B which
C who
D when
2. He drew a dog ______ had six legs.
开业送花篮A who
B who
C which
D where3．The picture ______ I like best is the first one.
A that
B who
C where
D who
4. He told a joke _______ everyo ne laughe d at .
A which
B who
C who六一晚会打一节日
D where
5. Do you know the booksand the writers_______ they are talkin g about.
A who
B which
C that
D who
6. That‟s the woman______ children are very polite.
A who
B who
C that
D which
7 Are thothe boys ______ parent s are ndin g them to a “Fat Camp”?
A that
B who
C which
D who
8 The man _______ name I can‟t rememb er is over there.
A which
B who
C who
D whom
9 Do you know Mr Zhang______ they like very much.
A whom
B which
C who
D where
10 I‟d love to have a teache r ______ was a cartoo ni st.
A who
B who
C which
D where
11. -Do you know the man ______is talkin g with your father？
-Y es，he…s our headma ster.
A. he
B. who
C. which
D. whom
12. Is this the river_____I can swim？
A. which
B. in which
C. that
D. the one
13. This is the best hotelin the city _____I know.
A. where
B. which
C. that
D. it
1 4. Can you lend me the dictio nary______the otherday？
A. that you bought
B. you bought it
C. that you bought it
D. whichyou bought it
15. Anyone ______withwhat I said may put up you hands.
A. whichagrees
B. who agree
C. who agrees
D. whichagree
16. My watchis not the only thing______ is missin g.
A. that
B. it
C. which who
17. The man ______coatis blackis waitin g at the gate
