动词不定式作目的状语及宾语补足语

更新时间:2023-06-10 10:12:55 阅读: 评论:0

动词不定式作目的状语
英语中的动词不定式具有副词的功能,可以在句子中作状语,表示多种意义。在这里就动词不定式作目的状语进行单独讨论。
  一、不定式和不定式短语作目的状语
  不定式和不定式短语作目的状语,主要用来修饰动词,表示某一动作或状态的目的。为了使目的意义更加清楚或表示强调意义时,还可以在前面加 in order to so as to。例如:
  I've written it down in order not to forget.
  He shouted and waved so as to be noticed.

  在句子中作谓语动词的状语的不定式或不定式短语毛骨悚然的近义词,表示的是主语的目的,因此,其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。比较:
  To draw maps properly, you need a special pen.()
  To draw maps properly, a special pen is needed.()

  由 in order to 引导的目的状语,既可以置于句尾,也可以置于句首,而由 so as to 引导的
目的状语,只能置于句尾,而不能置于句首。比较:
  They started early in order to get there in time.()
  In order to get there in time, they started early.()
  They started early so as to get there in time.()
  So as to get there in time, they started early.()

  二、不定式的复合结构作目的状语
  当不定式或不定式短语有自己的执行者时,要用不定式的复合结构(即在不定式或不定式短语之前加 for + 名词或宾格代词)作状语。例如:
  He opened the door for the children to come in.
  She fetched veral bottles which she placed on the counter for Harry to inspect.

  三、目的状语从句与不定式的转换
  英语中的目的状语从句,还可以变为不定式或不定式短语作状语,从而使句子在结构上得以简化。可分为两种情况:
  1. 目的状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语相同时,可以直接简化为不定式或不定式短语作状语。例如:
  We'll start early in order that/so that we may arrive in time.
  We'll start early in order to/so as to arrive in time.

  2. 当目的状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语不相同时,要用动词不定式的复合结构作状语。例如:
  I came early in order that you might read my report before the meeting.
  I came early (in order) for you to read my report before the meeting.
动词不定式作宾语补足语
动词不定式既有动词的性质,又有名词的性质。它没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能独立作谓语。动词不定式在句子中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语、同位语等:动词不定式在句子中可以用作宾语补足语,常用的“动词+宾语+不定式”的句子结构中。不定式作宾语补足语的有以下八种类型:(下列句子中划线部分作宾语补足语)
    一、许多动词可跟一个宾语 + to do…构成句子,句中的不定式作宾语补足语;否定形式为“动词+宾语+not to do…”。例如:do sb/sth to do sth
    My boss told me to type out two letters.
    分析:句中“My boss舍弃造句”做主语,“told”作谓语,“me”作宾语,划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子。
  They forbade her to leave the country.
Plea remind me not to be late for the meeting.
适用于“动词+宾语+(not)to do”的结构,不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:adviallowaskbegcaudirectencourageexpectforbidforceinviteorderpermitpersuaderemindrequestrequireteachtellwantwarn
二、有些动词可跟“宾语+to be…”构成句子,句中的不定式作宾语补足语。例如:
I consider him to be the best candidate.
分析:句中“I”做主语,“consider”作谓语,“him”作宾语,划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子。
I know him to be a liar.
I suppo him to be away from home.
糖醋肉段适用于“动词+宾语+to be…”的结构,不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:considerdeclarediscoverfeelfindsuppo等。
三、有些动词(感官动词和使动词)后可跟不带to的不定式构成句子,句中的不定式作宾语补足语。例如:
He saw her enter the room.
腌萝卜怎么做分析:句中“He”做主语,“saw”作谓语,“her”作宾语,划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子。
She won't let me do it.
I heard her lock the door.
We watched the children play games.
适用于“动词+宾语+do…”的结构,不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:feelhavehearletmakenoticeobrveewatch等。还有两个词组:listen tolook at.
注意:这类句子变为被动结构时,不定式前加to。请看下列句子,句中划线部分作宾语补足语。例如:
A child was en to enter the building.
She was often heard to sing this song.
help后的不定式可加to,也可不加to(美国人不加to时较多),但被动结构中要加to。例如:
I'll help you(to) push the cart.
分析:句中“I”做主语,“will help三只小猪童话故事”作谓语,“you”作宾语,划线部分作宾语补足语。
上句的被动语态为:You'll be helped to push the cart.
、有些“动词+介词”的结构后也可跟不定式构成句子,句中的不定式作宾语补足语。例如:
He shouted to me to come over.
分析:句中“He”做主语,“shouted”作谓语,“to”为介词,“女士护肤品me”作宾语,划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下列句子,句子的结构为“动词+介词+宾语+to do…”,划线部分为不定式,作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子。
I depend on you to do it.
I am counting on you to help me through.
适用于“动词+介词+宾语+to do…”的结构,不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:shout docall on sb. to docount on sb. to dodepend on sb. to dowait for sb. to do等。
六、作宾语补足语的不定式,表示的动作在谓语所表示情况之前发生,就需要用完成形式:
宽容心态的感悟He was known to have worked for the International Olympic Committee.
分析:句中“He”做主语,“was known”作谓语,使用了被动语态。由句意可知,“为国际奥委会工作”发生在前,“大家知道”发生在后。故不定式部分用完成形式,在句中作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子。
They are believed to have discusd the problem.
、作宾语补足语的不定式,表示一个正在进行的动作时需用进行形式:
苹果蛋糕
He is believed to be living in Mexico.
分析:句中“He”做主语,“isbelieved”作谓语,使用了被动语态。由于句子表达主语现在正在发生的情况,故用不定式的进行形式,句中划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下列句子。
Thousands were reported to be working in concentration camps.
He is thought to be hiding in the woods.
间或不定式作宾语补足语也可用于完成进行时。例如:
She is said to have been doing this work for twenty years.
八、不定式作宾语补足语的被动形式:
he didn't want her son to be taken away.
分析:句中“She”做主语,“didn't want”作谓语,“her son”作宾语,由于“her son”与“take away”之间为被动关系,故用被动形式,句中划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下列句子。
I'd like this room to be redecorated.
He didn't wish the subject to be mentioned in the letter.

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