公共课英语一模拟题2020年(76)
(总分100,考试时间180分钟)
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传统花灯制作
梦见上班 Partly due to a historical development marked by worldwide colonialism, urbanization, and globalization, in the cour of this century humankind is likely to experience its most extreme cultural loss. As K. David Harrison notes in When Languages Die, "The last speakers of probably half of the world's languages are alive today." Their children or grandchildren are pressured to speak only the dominant language of **munity or country. Under one estimate, more than 50% of the 6,900 or so languages identified nowadays are expected to become extinct in a matter of a few decades.
幽默与笑话 The preci criteria for what counts as a distinct language are controversial—especially tho regarding cloly related linguistic systems, which are often inaccurately referred to as dialects of the same language. The problem is complicated by the insufficiency of studie
s about the grammar of many of the world's endangered languages. In addition, from a cognitive standpoint any two groups of individuals who languages are mutually intelligible may in fact have distinct mental grammars.
文字间距怎么调
As a cognitive system, a language shows dynamic properties that cannot exist independently of its speakers. This is the n in which the Anatolian languages and Dalmatian are extinct. Therefore, language prervation depends on the maintenance of the native-speaking human groups. Unfortunately, the most accelerated loss of distinct languages takes place where economic development is rapid, worning the breakdown of **munities that speak different languages. In this perspective, a language often begins to die long before the passing of the last speaker: New generations may start using it only for limited purpos, increasingly shifting to **munity's dominant language. In this process, knowledge of the dying language erodes both at the individual level and at **munity level.
Linguistic diversity itlf may be the worst loss at stake, becau it may be the most pr
omising and preci source of evidence for the range of variation allowed in the organization of the human cognitive system. For instance, Harrison discuss many strategies for manipulating quantities across languages, often endangered ones. The rapid loss of linguistic diversity substantially **parative investigation about the multiple ways in which a single cognitive domain can be organized.
Linguists are well aware that their efforts alone cannot prevent this loss. Community involvement, especially with government support, has proven esntial in slowing or even reversing language loss in different cas (e.g., Basque and Irish). Crucially, endangered languages must be acquired by new generations of speakers. Here the biological metaphor adopted by Harrison applies appropriately — documentation of dead languages is akin to a fossil record, providing only partial clues **plex cognitive systems.
1. 1.According to the first paragraph, language loss红烧鲤鱼做法
分娩球A. is caud partly by colonialism, urbanization and globalization.
B. is the most extreme cultural loss people experiences.
C. is expected to occur in a few centuries.
D. occurs in less than half of the world's 6,900 languages.
2. 2.One of the difficulties in differentiating one language from another is that
A. one language may have many dialects.
B. grammar study on some languages is not enough.什么是缓存
C. they are dialects of the same languages.
D. grammars reflected by languages are different.
3. 3.The start of language dying is indicated by
A. the disappearance of its last speakers.
B. the fact that new generations stop using it.
C. the official ban on speaking it.
D. its new generations' decread u of it.
4. 4.Measures that can be taken to prevent language loss include
A. turning endangered languages into dominant languages.
B. protecting minority groups by slowing economic growth.
C. relying on the joint efforts of linguists and government.长时间曝光
D. **parative investigation across languages.
5. 5.We can infer from the metaphor in the last paragraph that
A. dead languages are similar to fossils in biological n.
B. documentation is not enough for us to understand dead languages.
C. fossil records give a complete picture of ancient lives.
D. dead languages can remain alive if they are documented properly.
Judith Vogtli, director of an upstate New York-bad abstinence (the practice of refraining from x, alcohol, etc) organization called Project Truth, is worried that the golden age of "abstinence-only" education may **e to an end. George W. Bush helped increa funding for this kind of x education—which focus on chastity as the way to prevent pregnancy and xually transmitted dias, and discuss condoms only in terms of failure—to over $175m a year. The fate of that money, and of abstinence education itlf, is uncertain under a new administration and Congress.
Ms Vogtli need only wait a few weeks. Barack Obama will submit the first draft of his budget to Congress later this month. In the meantime, her organization, funded entirely by a government grant, is trying to go about business as usual. That means teaching about abstaining from x, drugs and alcohol in New York schools and holding its sixth annual abstinence Creativity Contest, to which students submitted essays, poems, artwork and music on the theme of "Waiting is "
