2022届高考英语二轮复习【介词】语法突破(05)
一、介词(短语)语法题答题技巧:
固定搭配:动词+介词; 介词+名词; 形容词+介词
语境分析:介词基本语意及用法
二、介词基本用法:
1.表示地点、位置的介词
1) “在……”
at | 在小地点 | He arrived at the station at ten. |
在……附近,旁边 | He is sitting at the table. |
in | 在大地点 | He arrived in Shanghai yesterday. |
以少胜多的战役在…范围之内 | Jilin lies in the northeast of China. |
on | 喘气毗邻,接壤 | Russia lies on the north of China. |
to | 在……范围外 | Korea is to the northeast of China. |
off | 离…不远; | The boat was anchored off the coast. |
| | |
“上/10个寓言故事下”
| 垂 直 | 不垂直 | 相接触 |
在……上 | over | above | on |
在……下 | under | below | beneath |
| | | |
Eg. The bird is flying above my head.
There is a stone bridge over the river.
He put his watch on the desk.
There is a cat under the table.
Plea write your name below the line.
He stuck his phone beneath the table to avoid being found by the teacher.
| 温度、高度 | 速度、年龄 |
高于, 多于 | above合同的形式 | over |
低于, 少于 | below | under |
| | |
Eg. The temperature will stay above zero in the daytime.
This place is below a level.
There are over forty students in the classroom.
It took us under an hour to prepare for the coming meeting.
across/through “穿过”
She ran across the road.
He walked through the forest.
in/on “在飞机头短发…上”
The apples on the tree em to have been ripe.
The bird in the tree ems to be singing.
The little boy burst into tears becau a ball happened to hit him on the no. (头,额,鼻,耳,肩,腿,颈)
You shouldn’t hit anyone in the face. (脸,眼,嘴,腹)
2.表示时间的介词
1) in , on,at “在……时”
in >一天 | 世纪、朝代、年、季节、月 注:泛指早午晚 | in the 1950s, in summer, in January, in one’s life , in one’s thirties |
on =一天 | 具体某一天及其早、午、晚 | on May 1st, on Monday, on my birthday on a cold night, on Sunday afternoon |
at <一天 | 某一时刻或较短暂的时间 注:at (mid)night, at noon | at 3:20, at this time of year at this moment, at the end of |
| | |
注:节日中如含有day, 介词用on;如含有festival,常用at;
on New Year’s Day, on Children’s Day
at the Spring Festival,at Christmas,
注:时间名词前有last, next, this, that, the, tho,some, any, every, each, one, all等
词时,前面不用介词。(next week, last Sunday, that morning, the years)
Eg. We met him at Wanda Plaza one day.
You will realize your dream some day.
2) in, after “在……之后”
in +段时间诗图 | 表将来 | She will come back in three days. |
after+段时间 | 指过去 | He returned after five months. |
after+将来点时间 | 表将来某一时刻以后 | She will appear after five o’clock. |
| | |
注:for+段时间(现完) He have been here for two years.
段时间+before(过完) He had graduated two years before.
段时间+ago(v-ed) I heard form Emma two days ago.
between、among“在……之间”:
between 两者;There is a football match between Class One and Class Two.
among 三者及以上;The teacher is standing among the students.
by, in,on, 表出行方式
by | by a, by water, by bike, by air, by plane |
in/on | in a car, on my bike, on horback, on foot |
| 剥削阶级 |
表示方法、手段、工具
by “按…算” | by the year/hour/day, by the pound/ton; |
by/through 通过…(方式/手段) | by phone/email, by hard work, through his efforts |
with+工具 with+表示情感态度的名词 | with a pen; with satisfaction, with permission |
in+语言/笔墨焦海涛/颜色/情绪 | in English, in ink, in high spirits, in surpri |
| |
He makes a living by _____(ll) newspapers.
He broke the window _____ a stone.
“除了……”
except | 除……之外 | I know nothing about it except what I have read in the newspaper. |
besides | 除……还有 | What kind of music do you like besides classical? |
except for | 除了…(不同类) | His concert is great except for a few mistakes in lyrics. |
| | |
注: Except for me,everyone is tired. (except for 位于句首时相当于except)
Everyone is tired except me. (except通常不用于句首)
高考真题在线(介词)
1.(语法填空)Modern methods________ tracking polar bear population have been employed only since the mid-19890s,and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area.
2.(语法填空)We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ________ dogs,ven to be exact.
3.(语法填空) But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer______this question is not clear.
4.(单句改错)At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years,and he agreed.
5.(单句改错) Still I was unwilling to play the game for them sometimes.