高中英语词语辨析(二十六)
play与play with
play是一个多义动词。在表示“玩”的意思时,既可作不及物动词(主语一般是儿童);也可作及物动词,这时,后面通常跟乐器名词(有冠词),球类名词或者棋,牌等。例如:The children are playing on the ground.孩子们在操场上玩。She played the piano quite beautifully.她钢琴弹得棒极了。Sometimes they played bridge together.有时他们在一起打桥牌。
play with也可表示“玩”的意思。一般用于小孩和动物,指一种不自觉的“玩耍;开玩笑“的意思。用于前者时,后接具体的东西;用于后者时,后接表示人的名词。例如:The little girl is playing with her toy bus. 小姑娘在玩她的玩具汽车。It was mean of him to play with her affections.他玩弄她地感情是卑鄙的。Don't play with him, he is in a bad humor.别和他开玩笑;他情绪不好。注意:play with后接人的名词时,有时容易产生歧义。请比较下面一句的意义:They are playing with each other.他们在相互玩弄。/ 他们在相互开玩笑。/ 他们相互在一起玩。
十二生肖牛的故事
prepare,prepare for,prepared for
prepare和另两个词组都是“准备”的意思,但含义和用法有别。prepare用作及物动词,后接名词时,表示“准备;调制,配置”的意思,它亦可接带to的动词不定式(表示“准备干某事”)或接不定式复合结构(表示“为某人做某事作准备)。例如:I can't e you tonight, I shall be preparing my lessons.我今晚不能见你,我要预备功课呢。After the discussion they prepared to write an article to air their views.经过讨论,他们准备写一篇文章来提出自己的看法。The nur is preparing the child to go to hospital.保姆正在为孩子住院作准备。
prepare for和prepared for后均接名词或代词,都含有“为将来即要发生的某一行动或某种情况作准备”的意味。两者一般可以互换,不同的是prepare for是个动介型短语动词,作及物动词用,动作意味很强,可直接用作谓语;prepared for中的prepared是一个形容词,须借助动词be作表语,表示状态。例如:We were given two days to prepare for the examination.我们可以有两天的时间来准备考试。They were prepared for the worst.他们已准备好应付最坏的情况。注意:prepare for可分开来写,即for, 这时prepare是
及物动词。当prepare后接表示物的名词时,for通常表示“为(某人)准备(什么)”。当prepare后接人的名词,介词for后接事物等名词时,它通常表示“培养或指导(某人)准备(什么)”。例如:We must prepare a room for our guest.我们必须为客人准备一个房间。They are preparing their child for college.他们培养孩子准备上大学。
梦到房子着火
咸鸭price,cost,expen
这组词都指“价钱,花费”。price意为“价格,定价,价钱”,主要指卖主给商品定的价格,一般都高于成本(cost),也可引为做某事而付出的“代价”。例如:Labor was the first price, the original purcha money that was paid for all things.劳动是最初的价格,是人们购买一切东西所支付的最初货币。What a price she paid for saving the factory from the fire!为了使工厂不至于被火烧掉,她付出了什么样的代价啊!
cost意为“成本,费用,价钱”,多指对要价的支付,也指产品本身的成本,即设计,生产,运输付出的所有劳动及原材料的价值总和。引申为“代价”,即付出的牺牲。常用词组:at the cost of 以...为代价;at all costs (any cost)不惜一切代价。例如:We have paid a very high cost but we have also made very great achievement.我们付出了很高的代价,但也取
得了巨大的成就。He rescued the boy from drowning at the cost of his own life.他救了这孩子,使其免于被淹死,却牺牲了自己的生命。
expen意为“费用,花费,开支”,常指为某物实际支付的金额总数,也可指各种花费,尤指金钱,也可包括时间,精力等。例如:They built a runway in a shorter time and at less expen than originally planned.他们修筑了一条跑道,所用的时间比原计划短,花的钱也少些。The board of the directors decided to cut down expens by combining the three offices into one.董事会决定把三个办公室合并成一个,以节省开支。In order to meet the expens for her studies, Kessy had to do extra work at night.为了支付学习费用,凯西只好晚上去加班工作。
pretty,fairly,,rather双人旁的字
这组词都有“相当地”之意。pretty意为“相当,非常”,是个非正式的用法,表示程度相当高。常用短语有:pretty well, pretty soon, pretty certain。例如:People in the city can hardly imagine what a pretty rough life the countrymen live.生活在城里的人难以想象农村人的生活有多苦。We can safely draw a conclusion from her facial expression_r that she i
s pretty satisfied with the election result.从她面部表情我们可以有把握地得出这样的结论:她对选举结果相当满意。
点穴瘦腿
fairly意为“相当,还算”,语气最弱,表示适度、尚可,不能与too及形容词,副词的比较级连用。还可以讲作“公正地,明白地”之意。常用短语:be fairly beside onelf几乎疯了;fairly and squarely光明正大地。例如:The children were fairly beside themlves with joy as they caught sight of their parents. 孩子们见到父母简直欣喜若狂。In our school most of the teachers were fairly young except for a few older teachers.除了几位老教师外,在我校大多数是很年轻的教师。
三年级语文课文rather意为“相当,颇”,用来含蓄地表达某种想法,以避免直截了当的表达方式,但其所表示的程度实际上却颇高。rather通常修饰表示否定的词或本身为否定的意义,而fairly则修饰即表示肯定意义的词或本身为肯定的意义。常用短语:稍微太...一点;rather than:与其...不han宁愿。例如:I have got a fairly good memory for names, but I'm rather bad on dates.我记名字记得相当牢,可是记日期却不行。Before then, air pollution may have become an international, rather than national problem.在那以前,空气污染与其说是国家问题,倒不如说是一个国际问题。
under control,under the control of,in control (of)
under control意指"在控制下,被控制住",是一表示被动意义的介词短语,通常用作连系动词be的表语。如果表示"在某人的控制下",亦可用under one's control来表示。under control现在常常引申为"情况正常,状况良好"的意义。例如:The fire which threatened part of the business district this morning is now firmly under control.今早危及部分商业区的这场大火,现在已被控制住了。I noticed that his legs are not well under control.我发现他的两条腿不听使唤。My oldest son is no longer under my control.我的大儿子已不服我的管教了。You can go right back to sleep now, everything's under control.你可以回去睡觉了,一切均已恢复正常。
under the control of亦可解作in the control of,其后通常须接人或部门等名词,表示"受……控制,受……管辖"的被动意义,它一般用作表语或补语。例如:The university is under the direct control of Ministry of Education.这所大学直属教育部门管理。He was in the control of evil men who forced him to do wicked things.他受了坏人的控制,他们强迫他干坏事。 根据具体语境的不同,
in control既可表示"控制,管理(别人)"的主动含义,亦可表示"受控制"的被动含义。如果表明被控制的对象,其后须接of短语。例如:Mr. Zhang will be in control when I am out.我外出时由张先生负责。But the next moment he had himlf in control.但是他马上就控制了自己。They were in control of the southern side of the mountain.他们控制着南山坡。
under one's arm与in one's arms
这两个介词短语中的arm是指"胳臂",而不是"武器"的意义。注意不得任意改变两个短语中arm和arms的单复数形式。
家校联系本
under one's arm意为"在某人腋下的"。例如:The man who is carrying a parcel under his arm is my elder brother.(腋下)挟着一只包裹的那个人是我哥哥。He keeps the dictionary under his arm. 他把词典挟在腋下。
全站仪使用方法
in one's arms意指"(小孩或东西)被搂在怀里"。例如:The woman who is coming here has a child in her arms.往这儿来的那位妇女抱着一个孩子。He has the big dictionaries in his arms on his way to the room.在去寝室的途中他怀里抱着几本大词典。