Period | Historical Background | Life Time | Name | CN Name | Writings | CN Writings | Notes |
Early&Medieval Period(449-1485) 早期中世纪时期 (poetry, Romance, Popular ballad) | 英国中世纪文学史大致可分为盎格鲁—撒克逊(The Anglo-Saxon Period,449-1066)和中古英语(The Middle English Period,1066-1485)两个时期. The making of the England: Jutes, Angles and Saxons invaded Albion and combined into one United Kingdom-the England。Their dialects gradually grew into a single language called Anglo—Saxon, or Old English。Feudal system was established;Roman Catholic Church controlled over the country. | 700—750 | Boewulf | 贝奥武甫 | 英国的民族史诗(the national epic of the English people) stricking feature: alliteration, metaphors and understatements。 | ||
1343—1400 | Geoffrey Chaucer | 杰弗利·乔叟 | The Canterbury Tales(Masterpiece) | 坎特伯雷故事集 | the Father of English poetry英国诗歌之父,the forerunner of English renaissance英国文艺复兴先驱, metrical form (格律形式) laid the foundation of the English ver格律形式奠定了基础的英语节律,the heroic couplet英雄双韵体 | ||
Renaissance Period (Humanism) 大学英语(late 15th century ~ early 17th century) 文艺复兴 伊丽莎白时代(The Elizabethan Age)的英国戏剧是英国文艺复兴时期所有文学形式中最辉煌的一种,代表了英国乃至整个欧洲文艺复兴时期文学创 作的最高成就。 [poetry (sonnet and blank ver), drama, essay] | The Wars of the Ros (1455—1485) and Tudor dynasty which was established by Henry VII in 1485. Reformation: Protestantism became the official national religion。 The Enclosure movement: compelled peasants to become the hired laborers for the merchants. 礼贤 Flourishing in the Elizabethan Age: The commercial expansion and the ri of bourgeoisie。 The war with Spain: in 1588, the Spanish Armada was defeated. England had sovereignty over the as. 文艺复兴具有三个主要特征:古希腊、罗马文化的复兴;知识的复兴;人文主义运动的发展。 | 1478-1535 | Thomas More | 托马斯·莫尔 | Utopia | 乌托邦 | 理想国,空想主义的代名词,开创英国哲理幻想小说传统的先河 the first to introduce the Sonnet into English literature首先把十四行诗译成英语文学 |
1552-1599 | Edmund Spenr | 埃德蒙·斯宾赛 | The Faerie Queen | 仙后 | the poets’ poet诗人中的诗人 歌颂女王,宣扬人文主义思想 The Spenrian Stanza斯宾塞诗体 | ||
1564-1593 | Christopher Marlowe | 克里斯扥夫·马洛 | Dr Fauctus Tamburlaine The Jew of Malta | 浮士德博士的悲剧 帖木耳大帝 马耳他的犹太人 | The Renaissance exploration spirit and extreme individualism spirit文艺复兴探索精神和极端的个人主义精神, the greatest playwright before Shakespeare莎士比亚之前最伟大的剧作家,“University Wit”大学才子派, the pioneer of English drama | ||
1564—1616 | William Shakespeare | 威廉·莎士比亚 | Four comedies: 1.A midsummer night's dream 2。The Merchant of Venice 3。As You Like it 4.Twelfth night Four tragedies: 1.Hamlet 2.Othello 3.King Lear 会计员4.The tragedy of Macbeth The Tempest | 四大喜剧: 1.仲夏夜之梦 2。威尼斯商人 3.皆大欢喜 4.第十二夜 四大悲剧: 1.哈姆雷特 2.奥赛罗 3.李尔王 4。麦克白 暴风雨 | above all writers in the past and in the prent time,he produced 2 long narrative poems, 154 sonnets and 38 plays两首长诗歌,154首十四行诗和38部戏剧,reprents the climax of the Renaissance代表了文艺复兴时期的高潮,one of the first founders of realism第一个现实主义的创始人之一,an encyclopedia of the Elizabethan Age伊丽莎白时代的百科全书,the largest command of vocabulary他有最大的词汇量,Aeschylus and Shakespeare as “ the two greatest dramatic genius the world has ever known”埃斯库罗斯和莎士比亚是“两个世界历来所知最伟大的戏剧天才” | ||
1561-1626 | Francis Bacon | 弗兰西斯·培根 | Essays Of Studies | 论说文集 论读书 | champion of modern science 现代科学拥护者,散文家,题材广泛 | ||
17th century (poetry, comedy, pro) | English Revolution (1649) The establishment of a Commonwealth The monarchy was restored (1660) Glorious Revolution(1688) 17世纪前60年,是一个动荡不安,风云际会的时代:期间爆发了震惊世界的英国清教革命。事实上,早在16世纪末,伊丽莎白女王统治晚期,英国社会已危机暗伏。1588年,英国战胜了西班牙无敌舰队,取得海上霸主的地位.外患既去,内忧渐起,一致对外时被搁置一旁的种种矛盾逐渐暴露了出来,并迅速激化:以宗教改革为目的的清教实力日益壮大,矛头直指黑暗腐败的国教;议会和王权间摩擦频繁,新兴资产阶级羽翼渐丰,不甘雌伏于王权之下;兼之两任斯图亚特王詹姆士一世和查理一世缺乏政治才能,政府腐化,人民的不满情绪高涨,1642年英国内战终于爆发。 7世纪上半叶,影响英国的不仅是清教革命,一场思想革命也在悄然展开。现代天文学家哥白尼(Nicolaus Copernicus,1473~1543)大胆提出了日心说,推翻了地球是宇宙中心的观念。 | 1572—1631 | John Donne The metaphysical玄学派 | 约翰·邓恩 | The Flea Death Be Not Proud The Songs and Sonnets A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning | 跳蚤 死神你别骄傲 歌谣与十四行诗 离别辞:节哀 | the founder of Metaphysical poetry (writing on love, death and religion)形而上学的诗歌的创始人(写爱情、死亡和宗教),The Metaphysical Conceit玄学奇喻cynicism犬儒主义 |
1608—1674 | John Milton The puritan 清教徒 | 约翰·弥尔顿 | Lycidas Areopagitica Paradi Lost Paradi Regained Samson Agonistes | 利西达斯 为英国人民申辩 失乐园 复乐园 力士参孙 | a great revolutionary poet of the 17th century17世纪的伟大的革命诗人,a great master of blank ver无韵诗的大师,the most perfect example of the ver drama after the Greek style in English英语诗歌戏剧之后希腊风格是最完美的例子 | ||
1628-1688 | John Bunyan The puritan 清教徒 | 约翰·班杨 | The Pilgrim’s Progress | 天路历程 | A Puritan pro writer一个清教徒散文作家,allegory梦幻宗教寓言, In the 17th century British social realistic picture 17世纪英国社会现实主义图景 | ||
1631-1700 | John Dryden The cavalier | 约翰·德莱顿 | All for Love | 一切为了爱情 | Age of Dryden the greatest poet between Milton and Pope poet laureate桂冠诗人 The greatest Restoration works are the worldly, witty comedies (Comedy of manners风俗喜剧). | ||
Neoclassical Period 1660-1798 (Enlightenment) 启蒙文学时期 (Neoclassicism) 新古典主义时期 (poetry, drama, fiction) | A period of comparatively peaceful development Industrial Revolution Enlightenment(启蒙运动) The struggle of the bourgeoisie against feudalism。 18世纪的英国政局相对稳定,资本主义经济得以持续发展,国力强盛,不断发动对外战争,在世界各地建立了许多殖民地和半殖民地。工业革命方兴为艾、圈地运动仍在继续。资产阶级与劳动人民的矛盾日益突出,各地爆发了无数次起义。爱尔兰人民也掀起了民族解放运动。 | 1672-1719 1672—1729 | Joph Addison Richard Steele | 约瑟夫·艾迪生 理查德·斯第尔 | The Tatler The Spectator | 闲谈者 旁观者 | provide a new code of social morality for the rising bourgeoisie. In their hands, the English essay completely established itlf as a literary genre。 Using it as a form of character sketching and story—telling, they ushered in the dawn of the modern novel. 开创了现代小说的黎明 |
1688-1744 | Alexander Pope | 亚历山大·蒲伯 | An Essay on Criticism The Rape of the Lock The Dunciad Essay on Man | 论批评 夺发记 群愚史诗 人论 | 英国诗史上艺术造诣最高的诗人之一,18世纪新古典主义的代表人物, the heroic couplet英雄双韵体 | ||
1660—1731 | Daniel Defoe | 丹尼尔·笛福 | Robinson Crusoe Captain Singleton Moll Flanders | 鲁滨逊漂流记 辛格顿船长 摩尔·弗兰德斯 | Founding of realist novel 现实主义小说的创始之作 the father of English novels 英国小说之父 | ||
1667—1745 | Jonathan Swift | 梦见妖魔鬼怪 乔纳森·斯威夫特 | Gulliver’s Travels A modest Proposal Tale of a Tub The Battle of the Books | 格列佛游记 一个温和的建议 木桶的故事 书的战争 | The most powerful satirist of the age时代最强大的讽刺作家, Attacked the social darkness and evil抨击了社会黑暗和罪恶 | ||
1689—1761 | Samuel Richardson | 塞缪尔·里查逊 | Pamela | 帕美勒 | his emphasis on detail, his psychological insights into women, and his dramatic technique have earned him a prominent place among English novelists. 注重细节,关于女性的心理洞察,和他的戏剧技能为他赢得了在英语小说家著名之处 | ||
1707-1754 | Henry Fielding | 亨利·菲尔丁 | The History of Tom Jones,a Foundling | 汤姆·琼斯 | He was the first to give the modern novel its structure and style Comic epic in pro散文体喜剧史诗 第一个创造现代小说结构和风格的人 Father of English novel(the third-person narration) 英国小说之父 | ||
1721-1771 | Tobias George Smollett | 托拜厄斯·乔治· 斯摩莱特 | Roderick Random Humphry Clinker | 蓝登传 亨弗利·克林克 | 小说叙事幽默、描写细腻,对19 世纪的著名小说家狄更斯的影响很大。 | ||
1713—1768 | Laurence Sterne | 劳伦斯·斯特恩 | The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy,Gentleman Sentimental Journey Through France and Italy | 商第传 感伤旅行 | precursor to modern stream—of—consciousness novels 《商第传》目的是为了教育人更好的真爱世界和同胞。 《商第传》和《感伤旅行》都以描写人物心理感受见长.是18世纪中后期英国感伤主义小说的重要代表作品。 | ||
托福口语机经 1709-1784 | Samuel Johnson | 赛缪尔·约翰逊 | A Dictionary of the English Language To the Right Honorable The Earl of Chesterfield Lives of the Poets | 英语大词典 致切斯特菲尔德勋爵的信 诗人传 | 18世纪英国人文主义文学批评的巨擘,散文家,词典编纂家,英语史上第一部标准辞书 | ||
新婚祝福成语1730—1774 | Oliver Goldsmith | 奥利佛·哥尔德斯密斯 | The Citizen of the World The Derted Village The Vicar of Wakefield | 世界公民 荒村 威克菲尔德牧师传 | 《世界公民》在中西文化关系史上占有重要地位. | ||
1716-1771 | Thomas Gray Graveyard Poet墓园派 | 扥马斯·格雷 | Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard | 墓园挽歌 | Graveyard Poet墓园派诗人,履历怎么写dislike of age chaos state and desire to ”natural simple peaceful”对时代纷乱状态的厌恶和对“自然简朴安详”的向往 | ||
1751-1816 | Richard Brinsley Sheridan | 查理·布林斯莱· 谢里丹 | The Rivals The School for Scandal | 情敌 造谣学校 | He is considered to be the only important English dramatist of the 18th century他被认为是唯一重要的18世纪英国剧作家(最有成就的喜剧家),Morality is the constant theme 道德是不变的主题 | ||
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