PART ONE: LINGUISTICS (90%)
I: Define the following terms: (15points)
competence & cardinal vowels & concordance & ca & systemic functional grammar
II. Briefly answer the following questions. (25 points)
1. What are the distinctive features of language?
2. Why is the distinction between diachronic and synchronic important in linguistics?
3. Give two examples to illustrate what is minimal pair and answer why it is important in studying the speech sounds of a particular language?
4. In what process can a new word or expression be created? Give at least one example for each process.
5. Draw a diagram to illustrate Chomsky's Standard Theory.
III. Disambiguate the following ntences. (You may analyze and explain with tree diagrams
and/or English/Chine translation.) (15 points)
1. I saw her duck.
2. 爱上博物馆。
IV. How will you interpret the n relations between the "different" animals in the following diagram? (15 points)
V. In what dimensions could a t of synonyms be discriminated? Try to analyze the following ts of synonyms. (20 points)
1. 与 跟 和 同
意境很美的诗句2. handsome good looking pretty beautiful
PART TWO: TEACHING METHODOLOGY (30%)
I. Fill in the following blanks (10%)
1. _________ stress the context in which an utterance occurs.
2. In the teaching of literature, TG grammar provides a new instrument for _________.
3. For the first time, ___________ provides description of phonological systems which aids the systematic teaching of pronunciation.
4. Linguistic rearch is concerned with ____________ which explains the phenomena of language.
5. ________ compared with "syllabus", is often ud in a broader n, referring to all the learning goals, objectives, contents, process, resources and means of evaluation.
6. __________ extends theoretical linguistics in the direction of language learning and teaching.
7. _____ is the degree to which a test measures what it is meant to measure.
8. D. H. Hymes (1971) propos __________ as the four components of COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE.
9. If a test produces the same or very similar results when given to the same candidates twice in succession or marked by different people, it is regarded as having high degree of 三国孙坚
__________.
10. The results of ___________ are not easily quantifiable.
II. Comments (10%)酒柜造型
1. Comment on the four types of test (aptitude test, proficiency test, achievement test, and diagnostic test)
2. Comment on the five syllabus (structural syllabus, situational syllabus, notional-functional syllabus, communicative syllabus, and fully communicative syllabus)
III. Analysis (10%)
1. Analyze different attitudes to errors (the structuralist view and post-structuralist view)
2. Analyze various linguistic views (traditional grammar, transformation-generative linguistics, structuralist linguistics, functional linguistics, and the theory of communicative competence)
PART THREE: TRANSLATION (30%)
I. Translate the following into Chine.
The difference between the pair was, that while the father was violent and a bully, the son had thrice the nerve and courage of the parent, and could not merely make an attack, but resist it. Finding that the moment was now come when the contest between him and his father was to be decided, he took his dinner with perfect coolness and appetite before the engagement began. Old Osborne, on the contrary, was nervous, and drank much. He floudered in his conversation with the ladies, his neighbors: George's coolness only rendering him more angry. It made him half mad to e the calm way in which George, flapping his napkin, and with a swaggering bow, opened the door for the ladies to leave the room; filling himlf a glass of wine, smacked it, and looked his father full in the face, as if to say, "Gentleman of the Guard, fire first."
II. Translate the following into English.
这个镇的街面不大。十几家铺子、几十户住家紧紧夹着一条青石板街。铺子和铺子是那样的挤密，以至一家煮狗肉，满街闻香气；以至谁家娃儿跌跤碰脱牙、打了碗，街坊邻里心中都有数；以至妹娃家的私房话，年轻夫妇的打情骂俏，都常常被隔壁邻居听了去，传为一镇的秘闻趣事、笑料谈资。偶尔某户人家弟兄内讧，夫妻斗殴，整条街道便会骚动起来，人们往来奔走，相告相劝，如同一河受惊的鸭群，半天不得平息。不是逢圩的日子，街两边的住户还会从各自的阁楼上朝街对面的阁楼搭长竹竿，晾晒一应布物：衣衫裤子，裙子被子。山风吹过，但见通街上空“一劳永逸是什么意思万国旗”纷纷扬扬，红红绿绿，五花八门。人在下边过，鸡在下边啼，猫狗在下边梭窜，别有一种风情，另成一番景象。
农夫山泉【综合课 B】
PART ONE: WESTERN CULTURE (30%) 此部分已不在考试范围，顾不copy上来了。
30多岁的男人PART TWO: LITERATURE (60%)
I. Fill in the blanks by choosing the best answers from the choices given below (10%) 同
上，不再列出。
II. Answer the following questions briefly (30%)
1. what are features of the neoclassical literature?
2. what major contributions did Thomas Hardy make to English literature?
3. what are the thematic concerns and the artistic characteristics of Emily Dickenson's poetry?
III. identify the following, and write a comment on it (20%)
Philip Freneau 的 The Wild Honey Suckle 幼儿家教的原文
PART THREE: TRANSLATION (60%)
I.简述翻译的过程（此题可用中文作答 10%）
II. Translate the following into Chine (25%)
There are moments in life when you miss someone so much that you just want to pick them from your dreams and hug them for real. When the door of happiness clos, another opens; but often times we look so long at the clod door that we don't e the one, which has been opened for us. Don't go for looks; they can deceive. Don't go for wealth; even that fades away. Go for someone who makes you smile, becau it takes only a smile to make a dark day em bright. Find the one that makes your heart smile. Dream what you want to dream; go where you want to go; be what you want to be, becau you have only one life and one chance to do all the things you want to do. May you have enough happiness to make you sweet, enough trials to make you strong, enough sorrow to keep you human and enough hope to make you happy.
III. Translate the following into English (25%)
逢到和旧友谈话，就不知不觉地把话题转到旧事上去，这是我的习惯。我在这上面无意识地会感到一种温暖地慰藉。可是这些旧友一年比一年减少了，本来只是屈指可数的几个，少去一个是无法弥补的。我每当听到一个旧友死去的消息，总要惆怅多时。
学校教育给我们的好处不但只是灌输知识，最大的好处恐怕还在给与我们求友的机会上。这好处我到了离学校以后才知道，这几年来更确切地体会到，深悔当时毫不自觉，马马虎虎地过去了。近来每日早晚在路上见到两两三三的携了手或挽了肩膀走着的青年学生，我总艳羡他们有朋友之乐，暗暗地要在心中替他们祝福。
