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2013年职称英语真题理工(A)
第1部分：词汇选项（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）
下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1. The rules are too rigid to allow for humane error.
A. inflexible
B. general
C. complex
D. direct
2. This species has nearly died out becau its habitat is being destroyed.
A. turned dead
为者常成行者常至B. pasd by情人节英语怎么说
C. carried away
D. become extinct
3. The contract between the two companies will expire soon.
A. shorten
B. end
C. start
D. resume
4. Three world-class tennis players came to contend for this title.
A. argue
B. claim
C. wish
D. compete
5. The methods of communication ud during the war were primitive.
A. simple
B. reliable
C. effective
D. alternative
6. Respect for life is a cardinal principle of the law.
A. moral
B. regular
C. fundamental
D. hard
7. The drinking water has become contaminated with lead.
冷却法A. polluted高兴的什么填空
B. treated
C. tested
D. corrupted
8. Come out, or I’ll bust the door down.
A. shut
B. t
C. break
D. beat
9. She shed a few tears at her daughter’s wedding.
A. wiped
B. injected
C. produced
D. removed
10. They didn’t em to appreciate the magnitude of the problem.
A. existence
dmards
B. importance
C. cau
D. situation
11. The tower remains intact even after two hundred years.
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A. unknown
B. unusual
C. undamaged
D. unstable
12. Many experts remain skeptical about his claims.
A. doubtful
B. untouched
C. certain
D. silent
13. The proposal was endord by the majority of members.
A. rejected
广州有啥好玩的B. submitted
C. considered
D. approved
14. Rumors began to circulate about his financial problems.
A. nd
B. spread
C. hear
D. confirm
15. The police will need to keep a wary eye on this area of town.
A. naked
B. cautious
C. blind
D. private
西游记小故事简短第2部分：阅读判断（第16-22题，每题1分，共7分）
New Understanding of Natural Silk’s Mysteries
Natural silk, as we all know, has a strength that man-made materials have long struggled to match. In a discovery that sounds more like an ancient Chine proverb than a materials science breakthrough, MIT rearchers have discovered that silk gets its strength from its weakness. Or, more specifically, its many weakness. Silk gets its extraordinary durability and ductility (柔韧性) from an unusual arrangement of hydrogen bonds that are intrinsically very weak but that work together to create a strong, flexible structure.
Most materials —especially the ones we engineer for strength —get their toughness from brittleness. As such, natural silks like tho produced by spiders have long fascinated both biologists and engineers becau of their light weight, ductility and high strength (pound for pound, silk is stronger than steel and far less brittle). But on its face, it doesn't em that silks should be as strong as they are; molecularly, they are held together by hydrogen bonds, which are far weaker than the covalent (共价的) bonds found in other molecules.
To get a better understanding of how silk manages to produce such strength through such weak bonds, the MIT team created a t of computer models that allowed them to obrve the way silk behaves at the atomic level. They found that the arrangement of the tiny silk nanocrystals (纳米晶体) is such that the hydrogen bonds are able to work cooperatively, reinforcing one another against external forces and failing slowly when they do fail, so as not so allow a sudden fracture to spread across a silk structure.
The result is natural silks that can stretch and bend while retaining a high degree of strength. But while that's all well and good for spiders, bees and the like, this understanding of silk geometry could lead to new materials that are stronger and more ductile than tho we can currently manufacture. Our best and strongest materials are generally expensive and difficult to produce (requiring high tem
perature treatments or energy-intensive process).
By looking to silk as a model, rearchers could potentially devi new manufacturing methods that rely on inexpensive materials and weak bonds to create less rigid, more forgiving materials that are nonetheless stronger than anything currently on offer. And if you thought you were going to get out of this materials science story without hearing about carbon nanotubes (纳米碳管), think again. The MIT team is already in the lab looking into ways of synthesizing silk-like structures out of materials that are stronger than natural silk —like carbon nanotubes. Super-silks are on the horizon.
16. MIT rearchers carry out the study to illustrate an ancient Chine proverb.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
17. Silk’s strength comes from its weak hydrogen bonds working together.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
18. Biologists and engineers are interested in understanding natural silks becau they are very light and brittle.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
19. If the hydrogen bonds break due to external forces, they break fast.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
20. The MIT team had tried different materials before they studies natural silk in the rearch.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
21. Carbon nanotubes are currently the most popular topic in materials science.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
22. It is indicated that materials stronger than natural silk can be expected in the future.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23-30题，每题1分，共8分）
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。
Black Holes
1. Black holes can be best described as a sort of vacuum, sucking up everything in space. Scientists have discovered that black holes come from an explosion of huge stars. Stars that are near death can no longer burn due to loss of fuel, and becau its temperature can no longer control the gravitat
ional (重力的) force, hydrogen ends up putting pressure onto the star’s surface until it suddenly explodes then collaps.
2. Black holes come from stars that are made of hydrogen, other gas and a few metals. When the explode it can turn into a stellar-mass (恒星质量) black hole, which can only occur if the star is large enough (should be bigger than the sun) for the explosion to break it into pieces, and the gravity starts to compact every piece into the tiniest particle. Try to e and compare: if a star that’s ten times the size of the sun ends up being a black hole that’s no longer than 70 kilometers, then the Earth would become a black hole that’s only a fraction of an inch!
3. Objects that get sucked in a black hole will always remain there, never to break free. But remember that black holes can only gobble up (吞噬) objects within a specific distance to it. It’s possible for a large star near the sun to become a black hole, but the sun will continue to stay in place. Orbits do not change becau the newly formed black hole contains exactly the same amount of mass as when it was a star, only this time its mass is totally contracted that it can end up as no bigger than a state.
4. So far, astronomers have figured out that black holes exist becau of Albert Einstein’s theory of r
elativity. In the end, through numerous studies, they have discovered that black holes truly exist. Since black holes trap light and do not give off light, it is nearly impossible to detect black holes via a telescope. But astronomers continue to study galaxies, space and the solar system to understand how black holes might evolve. It is possible that black holes can exist for millions of years, and later contribute to a bigger process in galaxies, which can eventually lead to creation of new entities. Scientists also credit black holes as helpful in learning how galaxies began to form.
23. Paragraph 1
24. Paragraph 2
25. Paragraph 3
26. Paragraph 4
27. Black holes are formed after .
28. When a large star explodes, the gravity compacts every piece into .
A. Is there proof that black holes really exist?
B. What are different types of black holes?
C. How are black holes formed?
D. How were black holes named?
E. What happens to the objects around a black hole?
F. What are black holes made of?
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29. A newly formed black hole and the star it comes from are of .
外甥英文30. Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity helps to prove .
A. the creation of new entities
B. an explosion of huge stars
C. the tiniest particle
D. the same amount of mass
E. the existence of black holes
F. a fraction of an inch
