重难点02-1阅读七选五之设空剖析-高考英语
【热点·重点·难点】专练
(新高考专用)
距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！
养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容
长夏醒迟
易的则要想“细心审题”。越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
年 份 | 卷 类 | 卷扮演受害者 别 | 体 裁 | 题 材 | 设空位置 |
2022年 | 新高考 | I卷 | 说明文 | 如何寻找健身的伙伴 | 段中设空4 |
段尾设空1 |
II卷 | 说明文 | 写文章的技巧 | 段首设空1 |
段中设空4 |
全国卷 | 甲卷 | 说明文 | 外出就餐的注意事项 | 段首设空1 |
段中设空3 |
段尾设空1 |
乙卷 | 说明文 | 五种维系异地友谊的方法 | 段首设空3 |
段中设空1 三亚亚龙湾天气 |
段尾设空1 |
2021年 | 新高考 | I卷 | 记叙文 | 体验巴黎当地的生活 | 段首设空1 |
段中设空4 |
II卷 | 说明文 | 提高阅读速度的建议 | 段首设空1 |
段中设空2 |
段尾设空2 |
全国卷 | 甲卷 | 说明文 | 处理旧衣物的方法 | 段首设空1 |
段中设空4 |
乙卷 | 说明文 游轮英文 | 保阴煎 在晚会上受人关注的方法 | 段首设空2 |
段中设空2 |
段尾设空1 |
| | | | | |
从两年高考阅读七选五命题的设空位置(段首空为10空、段中空为24空、段尾空为6空)我们可以看出，命题人特别注重的还是对段中空的设置。一般来说，段中空越多，难度就越大。因为解段中空，需要考生瞻前顾后。根据新高考I卷段中设空两年都保持在4空的情况下，我们可以认为2023年新高考阅读七选五设空位置大体有两种可能：一是保持不变；二是对段首设空、段中设空、段尾设空的比例作一些微调。
在阅读七选五中，句子在段落中的位置不同，所起的作用也不同。段首设空所要填的内容起概括主旨的作用；段中设空所要填的内容起注释细节、体现逻辑关系吕洞宾的故事的作用；段尾设空所要填的内容起归纳总结的作用。除此之外，三种设空处所要填的内容都有一个共同的作用：不是承上，就是启下，或者兼而有之(承上启下)。
此外，还有一种设空的方式是标题设空，其特点非常明显：位于文章的首位或是段与段之间，呈现形式为单独成行或成段。
一、段首设空的主要考点：
段落标题句、段落主旨句、段落过渡句(承上启下句或导入句)。
此外，设空在首段段首处时，有可能考查的是通篇主题句。
【满分技巧1】借助“对标”解题
对照其他标题的表达形式，看其呈现形式是否和其他小标题相一致。
【满分技巧2】借助“提炼”解题
注意阅读相关段落内容，提炼其中的中心词(留意体现主旨的同义词复现)串联成标题。
【满分技巧3】借助“推断”解题
认真阅读空后的下文内容，掌握该段大意，推断出主旨句。
【满分技巧4】借助“抓点”解题
设空处在段首时(设空在首段段首处除外)，很有可能是过渡句(承上启下句或导入句)。因此，要阅读
上下文并抓住两个重点：重点了解上一段，尤其是尾句的内容，还要快速浏览下一段的内容；二是要标出关键词。使所选答案能够把上下两段内容紧密的衔接起来。
【经典考例1】(引用原题号，以下同)
(2022·浙江1月高考卷节选)...
Pick the most important.
...
Combine your activities.
我们说好谁都不能忘
...
___34___
You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new ways of doing things that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there.
Lighten up.
...
A. Speed up.
B. Be an active learner.
C. Stop trying to balance time between them all.
D. Make choices about what is meaningful in your life.
E. The things you do well usually give you greater joy.
F. Perhaps the tips will help you make the most of your time.
G. This is why making lists is important in any productivity handbook.
【经典考例2】
(2022·新高考II卷节选)Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people. However, the process can be made easier if you learn to practice three simple techniques.
___36___ When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. Stay loo and free. ___37___(Let your pen follow the waves of thought. )Don’t worry about grammar or spelling. Even though this technique won’t work for everyone, it helps many people get a good store of ideas to draw on.
A. Make sure your handwriting is neat.
B. Let your pen follow the waves of thought.
C. The cond draft of the essay should be better.
D. First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing.
E. Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time.
F. Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revi.
G. Then you can print out a fresh draft, again tting your text on triple-space.
【经典考例3】
(2020·新课标Ⅲ卷节选)___37___ Some people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local or store or stores. Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains. Even if there isn’t a registry, a good houwarming gift is something to decorate the new hou with, like a piece of art or a plant.
___38___ This is often appreciated since at a houwarming there isn’t a lot of food rved. There are usually no planned activities like games at a houwarming party. The
host or hostess of the party will, however, probably give all the guests a tour of their new home. Sometimes, becau a houwarming party happens shortly after a person moves into their new home, people may be asked to help unpack boxes. ...
A. This isn’t usual though.
B. It is traditional to bring a gift to a houwarming party.
C. You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests.
D. If you’re lucky enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place.
E. It also gives people a chance to e what the new home looks like.
F. The best houwarming parties encourage old friends to get together.
G. This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter.
二、段中设空的主要考点
段中上下文关联句：从段落语篇结构、行文逻辑关系等方面命题。
【满分技巧1】借助“语篇结构”解题
阅读七选五的体裁主要是说明文，语篇常采用“总——分”或“总——分——总”的结构。前一部分说明事物的主题，下面几部分从不同角度说明问题，最后总结。常见的标志性词汇有：to conclude, to sum up, generally speaking, in a word, in brief, in conclusion, in general,in short, in summary, on the whole等等。
企业社保查询【满分技巧2】借助“解释例证”解题
段落后文对前文或解释说明或举例佐证。常见的标志性词汇有：actually, as a matter of, in fact, in other words, that is to say, for example, for instance等等。
