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中英对照英美文学知识大全

更新时间:2023-06-09 07:31:04 阅读：评论：0

英美文学知识

第一节英国文学

一、古英语时期的英国文学 (约499-1066)

1. 诗歌

Alliteration – Beowulf《贝奥武甫》- national epic

Caedmon (开德蒙)

Anthem《赞美诗》

Cynewulf (基涅武甫)

Dream of the Rood《十字架之梦》

2. 散文

Bede (比德)

Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum《英吉利人教会史》

King Alfred

(阿尔弗雷德大帝)

Wesx – Father of English Pro (“英国散文之父”);

Anglo-Saxon Chronicle《盎格鲁-撒克逊编年史》

二、中古英语时期的英国文学 (14世纪 – 15世纪)

1. Allegory – Romance – Sir Gawain and the Green Knight《高文爵士与绿衣骑士》

2. Ballad – The Robin Hood Ballads《罗宾汉民谣集》

3. William Langland (威廉•兰格伦)

The Vision Concerning Piers the Plowman

《农夫皮尔斯的幻想》

4. Geoffrey Chaucer (杰弗里•乔叟)

Father of English Poetry (“英国诗歌之父”);

The Canterbury Tales《坎特布雷故事集》;

- octosyllabic & heroic couplet (八音节英雄双韵体)

5. Sir Thomas Malory (托马斯•马洛礼)

梁博父母

Le Morte d’Arthur《亚瑟王之死》

三、文艺复兴时期的英国文学 (15世纪末 – 17世纪中期)

1. Humanism – classic culture

2. Thomas More (托马斯•莫尔)

Utopia《乌托邦》; The Painful Life of Edward V; Historie of Richard the Third《理查德三世传》

3. Thomas Wyatt (托马斯•怀亚特), Henry Howard (亨利•霍华德) – Sonnet

懒洋洋

4. Philip Sidney (菲利浦•锡德尼)

Arcadia《阿卡迪亚》

- 第一篇田园生活的传奇,“现代长篇小说的先驱”;

The Defence of Poesie / Apology for Poetry《诗辩》

- 人文主义文学的宣言,开创近代英国的文学批评

5. Edmund Spencer (埃德蒙•斯宾塞)

poet’ poet – Spencerian stanza – 9行 (ababbcbcc)

8 iambic pentameter + 1 iambic hexameter;

The Faire Queene《仙后》被誉为英国文艺复兴时期“最杰出的史诗” nationalism, humanism, puritanism

6. Christopher Marlowe

(克里斯托弗•马娄)

Tamburlaine《帖木耳大帝》; The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus《浮士德博士的悲剧历史》

7. William Shakespeare

2首长诗, 154首十四行诗, 37部戏剧

(威廉•莎士比亚)

长诗

Venus and Adonis《维纳斯与阿多尼斯》;

The Rape of Lucrece《露克丽丝受辱记》

十四行诗

iambic pentameter – 14 (abab cdcd efef gg)

3 quatrains + 1 couplet = Shakespearean sonnet

戏剧

悲剧

Hamlet, King Lear, Othello, Macbeth

喜剧

A Midsummer Night’s Dream; The Merchant of Venice; As You Like It《皆大欢喜》; Twelfth Night

花蛤怎么洗

历史剧

Henry VI, Henry IV, Richard III

传奇剧

Pericles《泰尔亲王配力克里斯》; Cymbeline《辛白林》; The Winter’s Tale; Tempest《暴风雨》

8. Ben Jonson (本•琼森)

comedy of manners (风俗喜剧的奠基人);

Every Man In His Humor《人性互异》

9. John Donne (约翰•多恩)

Metaphysical Poems (“玄学派”诗歌创始人);

Songs and Sonnets《歌曲与十四行诗》

10. George Herbert (乔治•赫伯特)

the saint of the Metaphysical school (“玄学派诗圣”);

The Temple《神殿》

11. Andrew Marwell (安德鲁•马韦尔)

诗风结合了玄学派与古典主义的创作特点;

To His Coy Mistress《致他的娇羞女友》

12. Francis Bacon (弗朗西斯•培根)

Materialism; Essays《随笔》(Of Study, Of Truth);

The Advancement of Learning《学术的推进》;

The New Instrument《新工具》

四、资产阶级革命及启蒙时期的英国文学 (17世纪末，18世纪 )

1. the Enlightenment: liberty, equality, democracy

2. 18世纪的英国文学

前30年：neo-classicism (崇尚古典文学的创作及美学原则)

40年代到80年代：realism

80年代以后：ntimentalism & pre-romanticism (崇尚情感)

艾的词语高考成绩陆续公布

3. John Milton (约翰•弥尔顿)

Defence of the English People《为英国人民而辩》;

Second Defence of the English people《为英国人民再辩》;

Paradi Lost (blank ver, 旧约); Paradi Regained (新约);

Samson Agonistes《力士参孙》(poetical drama, clot drama)

4. John Bunyan (约翰•班扬)

The Pilgrim’s Progress《天路历程》- 宗教寓言, Vanity Fair

5. John Dryden (约翰•德莱顿)

Alexander’s Feast《亚历山大的宴会》;

Absalom and Achitophel《押沙龙与阿齐托菲尔》;

The Indian Queen; The Indian Emperor; The Conquest of Granada《格兰纳达的征服》; Tyrannick Love; All for Love;

An Essay of Dramatick Poesie《论戏剧诗》溪水声音怎么形容

新古典主义

6. Alexander Pope (亚历山大•蒲柏)

Pastorals; The Rape of the Lock《卷发遇劫记》; The Dunciad《愚人记》; Essay on Criticism; Essay on Man; 翻译了The Iliad, The Odysy

7. Richard Steel & Joph Addison

(理查德•斯蒂尔 & 约瑟夫•艾迪生)

The Tatler《闲谈者》; The Spectator《旁观者》

8. William Blake (威廉•布莱克)

Songs of Innocence; Songs of Experience

9. Robert Burns (罗伯特•彭斯)

A Red, Red Ro; Auld Lang Syne《昔日好时光》

10. Samuel Johnson (塞缪尔•约翰逊)

A Dictionary of the English Language《英语辞典》;

A Letter to Lord Chesterfield《致切斯特菲尔德爵爷书》

被誉为文人脱离贵族提携与保护的宣言书;

The Lives of the Poets《诗人传》

现实主义

11. Daniel Defoe (丹尼尔•笛福)

The Life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe《鲁宾逊漂流记》; The Shortest Way with the Disnters《铲除非国教教徒的捷径》; Moll Flanders

12. Jonathan Swift

(乔纳森•斯威夫特)

A Modest Proposal《一个小小的建议》; Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World by Lemuel Gulliver《格里佛游记》; A Tale of a Tub《桶的故事》

13. Henry Fielding

(亨利•菲尔丁)

Joph Andrews; Amelia; The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling《汤姆•琼斯》- 现实主义小说最高成就

14. Tobias Smollett

(托比亚斯•斯摩莱特)

The Adventures of Roderick Random《蓝登传》;

The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle《匹克尔传》

15. Samuel Richardson

(塞缪尔•理查逊) – 书信形式

Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded《帕米拉或美德有报》; Clarissa《克拉丽莎》; The History of Sir Charles Grandison《查尔斯•格兰迪森爵士的历史》

感伤主义

16. Thomas Gray (托马斯•格雷)

An Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard《墓园挽诗》

17. Lawrence Sterne

(劳伦斯•斯特恩)

The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy《项狄传》

- 开创意识流小说的先驱之作; A Sentimental Journey

18. Oliver Goldsmith

(奥立弗•哥尔德斯密斯)

The Good-Natur’d Man《好心人》; She stoops to Conquer《屈身求爱》; The Vicar of Wakefield《威克菲尔德牧师传》; The Derted Village《荒村》; The Citizen of the World《世界公民》(Chine Letters《中国信札》)

19. Richard Brinsley Sheridan

(理查德•布林斯利•谢里丹)

The School for Scandal《造谣学校》- 风俗喜剧之巅;

The Rivals《情敌》

五、维多利亚时期的英国文学 (19世纪)

消极浪漫主义

1. William Wordsworth

(威廉•华兹华斯)

I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud《独自云游》; The Solitary Reaper《孤寂的刈麦女》; Lines Compod a Few Miles about Tintern Abbey《丁登寺杂咏》; The Prelude《序曲》

2. Samuel Taylor Coleridge

(塞缪尔•泰勒•柯勒律治)

The Rime of the Ancient Mariner《古舟子咏》; Kubla Khan《忽必烈汗》; Christabel《克里斯塔贝尔》

3. Robert Southey

(罗伯特•骚塞)

The Battle of Blenheim《布莱尼姆之战》; My Days among the Dead are Past; Thalaba the Destroyer《撒拉巴》; The Cur of Kehama《克哈马的诅咒》

积极浪漫主义

4. George Gordon Byron

(乔治•戈登•拜伦)

Child Harold’s Pilgrimage《恰尔德•哈罗尔德游记》;

Don Juan《唐•璜》

5. Percy Bysshe Shelley

(波西•比希•雪莱)

Adonais《阿多尼》; Ode to the West Wind《西风颂》; Prometheus Unbound《解放了的普罗米修斯》; To a Skylark《致云雀》; A Defence of Poetry《诗辩》

6. John Keats (约翰•济慈)

The Eve of St. Agnes; Ode to Autumn; Ode to a Nightingale; Ode on a Grecian Urn《希腊古瓮颂》

7. Alfred Tennyson

(阿尔弗莱德•丁尼生)

Break, Break, Break; Ulyss《尤利西斯》; The Princess; In Memoriam《悼念》; Maud《毛黛》

8. Robert Browning (罗伯特•布朗宁)

dramatic monologue (戏剧独白诗);

Men and Women; The Ring and the Book

9. Elizabeth Barrett Browning

(伊丽莎白•芭蕾特•布朗宁)

The Cry of the Children; Sonnets from the Portugue

10. Matthew Arnold (马修•阿诺德)

Dover Beach《多佛海滩》

11. Dante Gabriel Rostti

(但丁•加百列•罗塞蒂)

The Pre-raphaelite Brotherhood (先拉斐尔兄弟会);

The Blesd Damozel《女神》; The Hou of Life

12. Charles Lamb (查尔斯•兰姆)

Tales from Shakespeare《莎士比亚戏剧故事集》

13. Thomas De Quincey

(托马斯•德•昆西)

Confessions of an English Opium-Eater《一个抽鸦片的英国人的自白》; On Murder Considered as One of the Fine Arts《谋杀被视为一门艺术》; On the Knocking at the Gate in Macbeth

14. Thomas Carlyle (托马斯•卡莱尔)

The French Revolution《法国革命》

15. Walter Scott (沃尔特•司各特)

Father of Historical Novels (“历史小说之父”);

Waverley《威弗利》; Rob Roy; Ivanhoe《艾凡赫》

批判现实主义

16. Jane Austen (简•奥斯丁)

Sen and Sensibility; Pride and Prejudice; Emma

17. The Bronte Sisters

(勃朗特三姐妹)

Charlotte Bronte (夏洛蒂)

Jane Eyre《简•爱》

Emily Bronte (艾米丽)

Wuthering Heights《呼啸山庄》

Anne Bronte (安妮)

Agnes Grey《安格尼丝•格雷》

18. George Eliot (乔治•艾略特)

原名Mary Ann Evans, 19世纪最多产的女性作家;

Adam Bede《亚当•比德》; The Mill on the Floss《弗罗斯河上的磨坊》; Silas Marner《织工马南》; Middlemarch-A Study of Provincial Life《米德尔马契》

19. Mrs. Gaskell (盖斯凯尔)

Mary Barton; Life of Charlotte Bronte

20. Charles Dickens

(查尔斯•狄更斯)

Sketches by Boz《波兹特写》; The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club《匹克威克外传》; Oliver Twist; The Old Curiosity Shop; American Notes; Dombey and Son; David Copperfield; Bleak Hou《荒凉山庄》; Hard Times; A Tale of Two Cities; Great Expectations

21. William Makepeace Thackeray

(威廉•麦克皮斯•萨克雷)

Vanity Fair《名利场》;

Henry Esmond《亨利•艾斯蒙德》; The Newcomers

22. George Meredith

(乔治•梅瑞狄斯)

The Ordeal of Richard Feverel

《理查德•法弗尔的苦难》

23. Thomas Hardy (托马斯•哈代)

Tess of the D’Urbervilles; Far From the Madding Crowd《远离尘嚣》; The Return of the Native; The Mayor Casterbridge; Wesx Tales; Life’s Little Ironies《人生小讽刺》; The Dynasts《列王》;

Jude the Obscure -批判现实主义文学的最高成就

24. Joph Rudyard Kipling

(约瑟夫•路德雅德•吉卜林)

Barrack-Room Ballads《兵营歌谣》; Seven Seas

25. Joph Conrad (约瑟夫•康拉德)

Heart of Darkness《黑暗的心》

新浪漫主义

26. Robert Louis Stevenson

(罗伯特•路易斯•史蒂文森)

New Arabian Nights《新天方夜谭》

唯美主义

(为艺术而艺术)

27. Oscar Wilde

(奥斯卡•王尔德)

The Picture of Dorian Gray《道林•格雷的画像》

Lady Windermere’s Fan《温德米尔夫人的扇子》

手机充话费

The Happy Prince and Other Tales《快乐王子童话集》

六、20世纪的英国文学

象征主义

1. William Butler Yeats

(威廉•勃特勒•叶芝)

The Autumn of the Body《肉体的秋天》; The Wind Among the Reeds《芦苇中的风》; The Wild Swan at Coole《库尔的野天鹅》; Sailing to Byzantium《驶向拜占庭》

现实主义三杰

2. John Galsworthy

(约翰•高尔斯华绥)

The Forsyte Saga《福尔赛世家》: The Man of Property《有产业的人》, In Chancery《进退维谷》, To Let《招租出让》

3. Herbert George Wells (赫•乔•威尔斯)

现代科幻小说鼻祖; The Time Machine

4. Arnold Bennett (阿诺德•贝内特)

The Old Wives’ Tale《老妇谭》

5. William Somert Maugham (威廉•萨默赛特•毛姆)

Of Human Bondage《人生的枷锁》; The Moon and Sixpence; Cakes and Ale《寻欢作乐》; The Razor’s Edge《刀锋》

6. Katharine Mansfield (凯瑟琳•曼斯菲尔德)

Bliss and Other Stories《幸福集》

现代主义

7. Henry James (亨利•詹姆斯)

The Art of the Novel: Critical Prefaces《小说的艺术》; Daisy Miller《黛茜•密勒》

8. D. H. Lawrence (戴•赫•劳伦斯)

Sons and Lovers; The Rainbow; Women in Love; Lady Chatterley’s Lover《查泰莱夫人的情人》

意识流

9. James Augustine Aloysius Joyce

轮胎利用(詹姆斯•奥古斯丁•艾洛依休斯•乔伊斯)

Dubliners《都柏林人》; A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man; Finnegans Wake《芬尼根守灵夜》; Ulyss

10. Virginia Woolf

(弗吉尼娅•沃尔夫)

Jacob’s Room《雅各布的房间》; Mrs. Dalloway《达罗卫夫人》; To the Lighthou《到灯塔去》; The Waves《浪》

11. E. M. Forster (爱••摩•福斯特)

A Passage to India《通往印度之路》

12. George Bernard Shaw

(乔治•伯纳•萧)

Widowers’ Hous《鳏夫的房产》; Mrs. Warren’s Profession《华伦夫人的职业》; John Bull’s Other Island《英国佬的另一个岛》; Saint Joan《圣女贞德》; Pygmalion《匹格梅利翁》; Man and Superman《人与超人》; The Quintesnce of Ibnism《易卜生主义精华》

13. John Millington Synge (约翰•米灵顿•辛格)

In the Shadow of the Glen《峡谷的阴影》

14. Sean O’ Cay (肖恩•奥凯西)

The Shadow of a Gunman《枪手的影子》;

Juno and the Peacock《朱诺与孔雀》