摘要
斯大林的民族政策在解决苏联国内民族矛盾、推进民族国家建设方面曾起到重要作用，也取得了巨大的成就。但是由于受到国际国内各种因素的影响，斯大林的民族政策发生了偏离，致使苏联民族问题愈加复杂。我们研究斯大林的民族政策不仅有助于我们重新认识那段历史，分析苏联解体的原因，而且可以积极推动马克思主义民族理论与政策的研究，为社会主义多民族国家的民族建设提供有益的借鉴。
本文除前言外，共分四个部分。
第一部分，斯大林的民族理论。斯大林民族理论，是斯大林关于民族问题的一系列思想、论述和观点所组成的有机统一的整体，是斯大林思想理论体系的重要组成部分，同时也是对马克思、恩格斯和列宁民族理论的继承和发展。它的形成与发展是斯大林时期民族政策制定与实施的重要理论基础。斯大林的民族理论，体系庞大，其主要理论有：民族的定义、民族自决权和国家分离权、民族平等理论和民族间事实上不平等理论、“反对两种民族主义”理论、关于“民族问题在社会发展中的地位及其发展规律”理论。
第二部分，斯大林的民族政策。斯大林实际领导苏联社会主义建设的30年间，制定了一系列民族政策。本文将其政策归纳为六点进行概述：一是坚持民族团结，维护和发展统一的联盟国家。二是强调民族平等。三是反对两种民族主义倾向。四是大力发展民族经济。五是繁荣民族文化。六是培养民族干部，加强党对民族工作的领导。
第三部分，斯大林民族政策实践中存在的问题及问题产生的原因。本文指出在斯大林民族政策实践中存在以下六个问题：一是苏维埃联邦国家体制严重变形。二是对民族问题的长期性估计不足，民族平等政策遭背离。三是民族问题上的大俄罗斯主义倾向。四是高度集中的计划经济体制严重制约民族经济发展。五是强制推行俄语，繁荣民族文化政策无疾而终。六是混淆两类不同性质矛盾，用阶级斗争的方式处理民族问题。斯大林时期民族政策实施过程中出现问题与失误的原因归结起来主要包括两方面。主观方面的原因包括：斯大林对民族问题的认识存在缺陷；斯大林思想认识方法存在问题；深受大俄罗斯主义的影响；客观方面原因包括：多民族国家民族问题积累多，民族问题极为复杂；苏联面临的国际形势复杂而严峻。
第四部分，斯大林民族政策对当代多民族国家处理民族问题的启示。通过分析得出如下启示：必须充分尊重少数民族的特点，不能实行同化政策；必须始终如一坚持好民族平等，坚决杜绝民族歧视；必须平衡好民族自决和中央统一领导二者之间的关系。
关键词：斯大林；民族政策；理论；实践
ABSTRACT
Stalin's ethnic policy had once played an important role resolving Soviet Union’s external and internal contradictions, and promoting the development of ethnic state, and also got gigantic achieve
ment. Influenced by domestic and international factors, a deviation had arin in Stalin's ethnic policy, which made Soviet Union’ ethnic problem even more complicate. The study of Stalin's ethnic policy will not only help us relearn the history and analyze the cau of Soviet Union's disintegration, but also push forward the rearch of Marxism ethnic theory and policy, which will provide uful experience and lessons for the national construction of the multinational socialist country.
消防员儿童画Besides a foreword and remarks, the article compos four parts.
Part I, Stalin's ethnic theory. Stalin's ethnic theory is an organic unified entirety compod of ries of thought and viewpoint about problems of nationality. It is an important component of Stalin theory,and also the inheritance and development of Max，Engels and Lenine's ethnic theory. Its formation and development provided an important theory foundation for the formulation and implementation of ethnic policy in Stalin period. Stalin's ethnic theory is a huge system, who main theory includes the following five parts. First, it defines the concept of nation. Second, it tells the right of national lf-determination and paration. Third, it tells theory of national question and abnce of international equality in truly world. Fourth, it tells theory of two nationalisms, and finally, it tells theory about the position and law of development of ethnic problems in social development.
PartⅡ, Stalin's ethnic policy. A ries of ethnic policies are formulated during the three decades of Soviet Union socialist construction under Stalin. The article sums up the policies into 6 points and gives an overview. Firstly, adhere to unity among ethnic groups. Secondly, protect and develope a united confederacy. Thirdly, emphasize the equality of nationalities and oppo two-nationalism inclination. Fourthly, accelerate the economic development of the nation. Fifthly, flourish nationality civilization, and finally, train ethnic
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cadres and strengthen the Party's leadership over national work.
古代后宫小说Part III, the problems with practice of Stalin's ethnic policy and their caus. The article points out the following six problems in the practice of Stalin's ethnic policy. First, Soviet Federal system deformed gravely. Second, it underestimate the protractedness of the ethnic problem, and the policy of ethnic equality was deviated. Third, it has strong inclination to Russia doctrine in ethnic problems. Fourth, the highly centralized economy planning system gravely restricted national economic growth. Fifth,it compels to impo Russian,which made the policy of flourishing nationality civilization fail to follow through. Sixth, it confus two kinds of contradiction that differ in nature and handle ethnic problems by means of class struggle. Through detailed analysis, the article finds objective and subjective caus of the phenomenon. Subjectivity, Stalin’s cognition to the problem of nationality co
ntains defects, and there exists some problem in the methods. Also, he is greatly influenced by Russia doctrine. Objectively, Soviet Union’s ethnic problems are deep ated, and it is very complicated. Also, the complicated international environment is also a grave challenge.
Part IV, the enlightenment of Stalin’s ethnic policy to the prent multinational country in handling of the problem of nationality. The article draws certain conclusions through analysis. First, traits of each minority should be fully respected and national assimilation is forbidden. Secondly, adhere to the policy of genuine equality among ethnic groups, and ethnic discrimination must be completely eradicated. Finally, the relationship between reunification of the motherland and the free development of each nation must be well balanced.
明朝万历
Key Words：Stalin; ethnic policy; theory; practice
正的多音字组词目录
前言 (1)
第一章斯大林的民族理论 (2)
第一节民族的定义 (2)
凇沪会战第二节民族自决权和国家分离权 (3)
第三节民族平等理论和民族间事实上不平等理论 (4)
第四节“反对两种民族主义”理论 (6)
第五节关于“民族问题在社会发展中的地位及其发展规律”理论 (7)
第二章斯大林的民族政策 (9)
第一节坚持民族团结，维护和发展统一的联盟国家 (9)
第二节强调民族平等 (10)
第三节反对两种民族主义倾向 (11)
第四节大力发展民族经济 (12)
第五节繁荣民族文化 (14)
第六节培养民族干部，加强党对民族工作的领导 (15)
第三章斯大林民族政策实践中存在的问题及问题产生的原因 (17)
第一节斯大林民族政策实践中存在的问题 (17)
第二节斯大林民族政策出现问题的原因 (23)
第四章斯大林民族政策对当代多民族社会主义国家处理民族问题的启示 (28)
第一节必须充分尊重少数民族的特点，不能实行同化政策 (28)
第二节必须始终如一坚持好民族平等，坚决杜绝民族歧视 (29)
第三节必须平衡好民族自决和中央统一领导二者之间的关系 (31)
参考文献 (33)
致谢 (34)
ppt演讲万能开场白
哈尔滨城市攻读学位期间发表的学术论文 (35)
