托福阅读真题第35篇Jomon_Pottery（答案文章最后）
The oldest known pottery in the world comes from Japan, and is known as Jomon, which means "cord marks, after its typical decorations made by impressing cords into the wet clay. The earliest Jomon pottery is dated to around 14,000 .., considerably earlier than any pottery produced in Europe and western sia, the earliest of which dates to approximately 8,000 .. The oldest known pottery in the world comes from Japan, and is known as Jomon, which means "cord marks", after its typical decorations made by impressing cords into the wet clay. The earliest Jomon pottery is dated to around 14,000 .., considerably earlier than any pottery produced in Europe and western sia, the earliest of which dates to approximately 8,000 ..
Why should the Jomon people have been so inventive? Why were they making pottery so much earlier than anywhere el in the world? Only pottery from hina comes remotely clo to it in date, and there it is explained by the requirements of rice cultivation. Melvin ikens, an authority on the Jomon period, believes that Japane pottery was invented to 周春梅法官
cook and store the produce of the thick broad-leaved woodlands that had already covered Kyushu, Japan's southernmost main island, by 13,000 .. The relationship is evident, he argues, from the simultaneous spread of broad-leaved woodlands and pottery into the northern islands of Japan, both appearing on the northernmost island of Hokkaido at around 7,000 ..
There are,however, two problems with this idea. First, there is no necessity for hunter-gatherers to have pottery when living in wooded environments-the inhabitants of other villages of this era, such as in Mallaha in western sia at 12,500 .. and Star arr in northern Europe at 9, 500 .., flourished by relying entirely on vesls made from bark, skins, wood, and stone. Rottery no doubt made life easier for tho who did the cooking in the woodlands of Kyushu, and we know from food residues that pottery vesls had indeed been ud to make vegetable, meat, and fish stews. ut people could have easily survived without such vesls.
cond problem for ikens'theory aro in 1999 when a new sample of pottery was found i
老婆生日送什么礼物好n northern Honshu(Japan's largest island). Radiocarbon dates on the residues stuck to the interior of the pot dated to 14, 500 .., pushing back the origin of pottery by at least another thousand years. t this date Honshu would have had no more than a spar covering of pine trees. nd so the theory that Japane pottery was invented to store and cook the produce of broad-leaved woodlands cannot be correct.
n archaeologist, rian Hayden, has propod an alternative explanation. It provides another example of his belief in social competition as the driving force of social change that he applied in explaining the origin of squash cultivation in Mexico. Hayden suggests that ceramic vesls have a number of important qualities that make them prestigious objects to own and ideal containers for rving food to guests. t the outt, the potter's art would have been difficult to master; clay had to be carefully lected, tempers (materials added to clay to reduce its plasticity)prepared, and construction and firing techniques explored practiced, and refined. Neighbors and other visitors would have been struck with the amount of labor and skill required to produce a pottery vesl. The display of novel forms with fancy decoration would have impresd them even more. Most striking of all m
ight have been the dramatic smashing of vesls during feasts as an ostentatious display of wealth.
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Theatrical smashing of pots may have occurred in the later Jomon period, as immen piles of broken pottery have been found. nd as they come in astonishingly elaborate forms, there can be no doubt that many later Jomon vesls were primarily for display. They have spectacular rims modeled as licking flames or rpents winding around the vesl. Sometimes the decoration is so top-heavy that the pots can hardly stand alone. Lacquered (glossy) objects must have been very striking. ut we must be cautious about applying such interpretations to the earliest and rather dull specimens of pottery. We currently know too little about the very earliest pottery makers of Japan to decide whether they had been more concerned with impressing their visitors or devising a means to cook vegetable stew. We do know, however, that by 9, 500.. many were living dentary lives in permanent ttlements. lthough pottery had already been invented, the dentary lifestyle must have been crucial in enabling ceramic technology to flourish.
七月王朝
1.Why should the Jomon people have been so inventive? Why were they making pottery so much earlier than anywhere el in the world? Only pottery from hina comes remotely clo to it in date, and there it is explained by the requirements of rice cultivation. Melvin ikens, an authority on the Jomon period, believes that Japane pottery was invented to cook and store the produce of the thick broad-leaved woodlands that had already covered Kyushu, Japan's southernmost main island, by 13,000 .. 查询营业执照The relationship is evident, he argues, from the simultaneous spread of broad-leaved woodlands and pottery into the northern islands of Japan, both appearing on the northernmost island of Hokkaido at around 7,000 ..
2.There are,however, two problems with this idea. First, there is no necessity for hunter-gatherers to have pottery when living in wooded environments-the inhabitants of other villages of this era, such as in Mallaha in western sia at 12,500 .. and Star arr in northern Europe at 9, 500 .., flourished by relying entirely on vesls made from bark, skins, wood, and stone. Rottery no doubt made life easier for tho who did the cooking in the woodlands of Kyushu, and we know from food residues that pottery vesls had indeed b
een ud to make vegetable, meat, and fish stews. ut people could have easily survived without such vesls.
贴春联简笔画
