PUTONGHUA
1. Putonghua is the common language of the Han ethnic group in China. It's standard Chine language. It's Mandarin and official. It's bad on Beijing phonetics and the dialect of the northern China.
2. The Chine language is divided into ven major dialects. Speakers of different dialects in some cas cannot understand each other, but dialects are unified by the fact that they share a common script. The ven Chine dialects are Northern dialect, Wu dialect, Xiang dialect, Gan dialect, Min dialect, Hakka(spoken in northern Guangdong and other provinces) and Cantone.
3. Min, Hakka and Cantone are widely spoken among overas Chine communities. In Taiwan a form of Min dialect is ud, though the official language is Mandarin. Mandarin is also widely ud in Singapore, where it's known as Huayu. Cantone is mainly ud in Hongkong, Macao and Guangdong province.
4. There are two system in written Chine. One is simplified, the other is traditional. The simplified is ud in Mainland. The traditional is ud by H.k. Macao, Taiwan and overas Chine communities.
如何治鼻塞小窍门>item的意思
How do we learn pinyin well?
1.Today we will learn pinyin.
2.What is pinyin? Pinyin is the mark of phonetic notation for Chine characters. It's made of three parts: initials, finals and tones.
3.For example, pĭnyīn, nĭ hǎo, xièxiè, zaìjìan
威震三军4.After learn three parts, we should be able to pronounce every single word.
5.How do we learn pinyin?
We divide our pinyin class into 10 class.
In the first or cond class, firstly recognize all (three parts).
Secondly, practice group by group. Thirdly, do some exercis.
Steps: 带读 解释 方法 放弃
天衣坊Mistakes：发音部位 发音方法 莫名其妙
ü的读法：i→ü First, try to pronounce "i", and then your tongue stays here,gradually pur your lips.Try it yourlf.
ü的标调方法：When you e j q x y initial goes with ü, you can e u.
INITIALS AND FINALS
Initial Sounds:(22)
The initial letters have the same pronunciation as in English:(f,l,m,s,(w),(y))
∙m-- (as in "man") n-- (as in "no") l-- (as in "letter")
∙f-- (as in "from") s-- (as in "student") w-- (as in "woman")
The following initial letters have slight differences as noted below. If the comment calls for a strong puff of breath, old your open hand veral inches from your mouth and make certain that you can actually "feel" the breath as you pronounce the letter.
∙p-- (as in "pun" or "pop") note: u a strong puff of breath
∙k-- (as in "cop") note: u a strong puff of breath
调研报告怎么写∙t-- (as in "top") note: u a strong puff of breath
∙b-- (as in "bum") note: no puff of breath
∙d-- (as in "dung") note: no puff of breath
∙g-- (as in "good") note: no puff of breath
∙h-- (as in "hot") note: slightly more aspirated than in English The following initial letters are the more difficult for English speakers:
∙ z--(as in "friends")
∙ c--(as in "bits")
∙s--(almost the same as the pronounce of "s' in English)
∙zh-- (as in "judge")
∙ch-- (as in "church", but with a strong puff of breath)
∙sh-- (as in "shirt")
∙南平旅游景点r-- (as in "run")
∙j-- (as in "jeep")
∙q-- (like the "ch" in "chee")
∙x-- (like the "sh" in "sheep")
Final (Ending) Sounds:(39)
The finals connect with the Intitial sounds to create the one syllable words that are the basis of the Chine language.
Although all Chine words are one syllable, they are often combined to create terms made from veral words.
∙-a (as in father)
∙-an (like the sounds of "John" or "angry")
∙-ang (like the sound of "under" or "rang' )
∙-ai (as in "high")
∙-ao (as in "how" or "out")
∙-o (like "aw")
∙-ou (like the "ow" in "low" or "boat")
∙-ong (like the "ung" in "lung" with a slight "oo" sound)
∙-e (sounds like "uh")
∙-en (like "un" in "open")
∙-eng (like the "ung" in "lung")
∙-ei (like a long "a" or the "ei" in "eight")
∙-er (like the "er" in "herd")
∙-i (like a long "e" or the "i" in "machine" or "e")
∙-ia ( like ya in "yard")
现代主义风格
∙鼓励学生的句子-ian (similar to "yen")
∙-iang(-i followed by ang)
∙-iao (like yow in "yowl")
∙-ie (like ye in "yes")
∙-in (as in "bin")
∙-ing (like "sing")
∙-iong (i merged with ong)
∙-iu (like yo in "yoga")
∙-u (like the "oo" in "loop")
∙-ua (u followed by a)
∙-uai (like wi in "wild")
∙-uan (u followed by an)
∙-uang (like wang in "twang")
