Teaching Procedure
I. Introduction
Tones are the way our voice moves up and down. The way we u the tones is
called intonation. Intonation is another important element of spoken English. It is the English intonation that makes English sound really English. The speaker us voice tones to help the listener understand the meaning of the ntence. Intonation adds meaning in two ways:
水资源调查A.It shows the relationship of words within and between ntences;
B.It tells something about the feeling of the speaker.
In other words, different pitches may indicate different meanings for the same utterance. Different pitches help us express our feelings: happiness, sadness, surpri, annoyance, anger, and so on.
语调是说话音调的高低变化，是言语的“旋律”。语调能使话语悦耳动听，能使情感准确表达，能让情绪充分流露，能使语言更加生动活泼。
语调和重音是密不可分的。也可以说，在一定程度上是重音控制着语调，因为说话音调的高低变化主要产生在重音上。语调的种类和变化是形形色色，但和重音一样，语调也有几种基本的模式和类型。大学小说
II. Types of intonation
In listening to the meaning of an utterance, therefore, we listen to how speakers talk as well as to what they say. The HOW and WHAT together give us the meaning of an English utterance.
Basic intonation patterns
English has two basic intonation patterns: rising and falling. When they go together, they can make a falling-rising tone.
The falling tone: Look at the conversations which follow. The left- hand column has questions which begin with Wh-words (who, what, when, where, why, and how). The right-hand column has statements and short answers Falling intonation is ud for both of them.
Questions Statements and short answers
What would you like? I’d like a chicken-salad sandwich.
Where are you going? To the lab.
Where’s your lab book? I lost it.
Where did you leave it? I don’t remember.
The rising tone: Look at the following conversations. Yes/No questions in the left- hand column and the answers in the right-hand column. Rising intonation is ud for the questions. Falling intonation is ud for the answers
Yes/No questions Answers
Are you coming later? If I can.
May I help you? Yes, I have s hotdog.
Is it cold outside? It’s very cold.
Shall I wait for you? No, you go ahead.
Did he bring his money? No, he forgot it.
The fall-ri tone:In addition to falling and rising tones, there are in English three more tones: the fall-ri, the ri-fall, and the ri-fall-ri. The cond and the third are not esntial; English can very well be spoken correctly and naturally without them. But the fall-ri is an important feature of English intonation. The fall-ri is connected with the stresd syllable of the last important word, like the falling and the rising tones. It is only completed on one syllable if that syllable is final in the group. If there is one or veral syllables following, the fall and the ri are spread: the fall is on the stresd syllable of the last important word and the ri on the last syllable of all. If there are stresd words following the fall, the ri at the end is from the last of the stresd syllables. Words or syllables before the fall are said in the same way as for the rising and falling tones.青铜葵花
Listen:
Yes.
Why.中央1号文
Fifty.
Fifty of them.
That was Nice.
That wasn’t very friendly.
He was quite kind.
III.Functions and Us of English Intonation
Functions of intonation:
1.语调在口语中的作用很像是标点符号在书面语言中的作用。通过不同的语调可以知道这个句子是陈述句、疑问句，还是感叹句。
2、语调在相当大的程度上影响着句子意思的表达。英语的语调和重音可以帮助转达或改变语义。从文字上看不出来的意思可以由语调表现出来。如，几个不同的演员扮演同一个角色，但是由于对剧本的体会不同，他们可能用不同的语调读同一个句子。我们经常说的Thank you，就可以因为语调不同而产生不同的效果。
Thank you. （表达出你真诚的谢意）
Thank you. （比较随便或漫不经心）
3、语调可以反映出说话人的情绪和态度。一个普通的句子写上几遍看来有什么变化但口头语言就不同了。由于说话人受情绪和态度的支配，可以表达出不同的意思来。它传达的信息可能是激动、高兴、热情、悲伤、愤怒、不耐烦、不经心、冷漠等。
Intonation and stress work together to express meaning. Intonation makes it easier for a listener to understand what a speaker is trying to convey. Following are often cited as important functions of English intonation:
The attitudinal function
Intonation is ud to convey our feelings and attitudes. For instance, the same ntence can be said in different ways, which might be labeled "happy", "grateful", "angry", "bored", and so on. Usually, intonation units with high heads sound more lively, interesting than tho with low heads. A few generalizations归纳概括are often made here: the falling intonation is said to be more often associated with completeness and definiteness; the rising intonation is more often associated with incompleteness and uncertainty or questioning; The falling-rising is said to have feelings of hesitation, contrast, rervation or doubt.
Go and ask him!
Go and ask him.
下面的例子是用一句话来表示这四种语调：
His name is Pèter. （说明一个事实）
His name is Péter. （对不起，请再说一遍）
His name is Pěter.（不相信）
His name is Pêter. （不耐烦）
The falling tone indicates ‘definiteness’ and ‘completeness’.
Types of ntences:
Ordinary statements
WH questions
Imperative ntences (strong commands)
Exclamatory ntences
英语的降调：降调是英语最常见的音调变化。降调表示确定和完整，即说话人认为这句话已经完满了，已经终结。降调主要用在：陈述句、特殊疑问句、表示命令的祈使句、感叹句等句子。
The rising tone indicates ‘uncertainty’, ‘incompleteness’ or ‘politeness’.
Types of ntences:
Yes-no questions
Statements intended as questions
Statements intended to be soothing or encouraging长使英雄泪满襟
Repetition questions
英语的升调：升调是英语的另一个常用调。升调表示不确定、不完整，通常用在要求对方用yes或no回答的句子。同时，升调还表示我们的话还没有说完，或者还有待于再研究，并非结论，升调常给人以意思尚未完成的感觉。例如，我们正在数数，还没数完之前用升调；句子还没说完是用升调；要征
求别人的意见时也常用升调。另外，由于升调没有那种断然下结论的口气，因而可以使祈使句变得委婉一些。较长的陈述句中句子的前一部分、表示请求或劝说的祈使句等也通常用升调。
The falling-rising tone shows ‘contrast, implication, disagreement, contradiction,
or warning’, etc.
Types of ntences:
Statements where contrast is implied
Statements which imply rervation
Statements which show disagreement or contradiction
Warnings
英语的降升调。是一种表现力很强的语调，它很生动且悦耳动听。降升调也是英语的常用语调之一。降升调就是把降调与升调的作用联合在一起，用来表示对某件事肯定了，有把握了，同时有附加一些保留、让步或暗含的对比。说白了，就是“话里有话”，或通过语调表示“言外之意”。可见，降升调的使
用比较复杂。由于降升调可用来表示对比、言外之意、相反的意见甚至警告等等，常用于以下情况：含有对比的陈述句、含保留意见的陈述句、含警告口吻的祈使句等。
但对于降升调的应用特别注意，这样的语调一定是在一个上下文的语境中产生。它传递给人们的信息是委婉的建议、怀疑、不信任、不同意、话外有音等，和说话人当时的情绪密切相连。因此，在无特定的上下文的时候不要随便用。
◼ e.g.I don’t agree.
乌龟怎么养◼(Though I do understand your point of view.)
◼I only had three.
◼(And you know that wasn’t enough.)页眉页脚是什么
◼---She arrives on Monday.
◼---On Tuesday.数学手抄报六年级上册
