牙周生态系(periodontal ecosystem)
生态平衡(dynamic equilibrium) 口腔正常菌群(oral normal flora)或固有菌丛(indigenous flora)。
牙菌斑生物膜(dental plaque biofilm)
获得性薄膜(acquired pellicle)
细菌粘附(adhesion)和共聚(coaggregation)
龈上菌斑(supragingival plaque)
龈下菌斑 (subgingival plaque)
人巨细胞病毒(human cytomegalovirus, HCMV); EB病毒(Epstein-Barrvirus,EBV);单纯疱疹病毒(herpes simple virus,HSV)
线性牙龈红斑(linear gingival erythema, LGE) HIV相关性牙周炎(坏死性溃疡性牙周炎,necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis)
内毒素(endotoxin) 脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide)
脂磷壁酸(lipoteichoic acid,LTA)
蓬头垢面意思外膜蛋白(outer membrane proteins,OMP)
纤毛蛋白(fimbriae proteins)
膜泡(vesicles)
• 胶原酶(collagena)
• 蛋白酶(proteina)
• 透明质酸酶(hyaluronida)
• 链激酶(strptokina)
• 硫酸软骨素酶(chondrosulfata)
• 神经氨酸苷酶(neuralminida)林清玄简介
• 白细胞毒素(leukotoxin)
• 抗中性粒细胞因子(anti-neutrophil factor)
代谢产物(metabolic end products)中国男子乒乓球队
牙周致病菌( periodontal pathogen)
证据充分的致病菌
伴放线放线杆菌(Aa)
牙龈卟啉单胞菌(Pg)
福赛坦氏菌(Tf)
中等证据的致病菌
直肠弯曲菌(Cr) 微小微单胞菌(P.micros)
缠结优杆菌(E.nodaum) 中间链球菌(Si)
具核梭杆菌(Fn) 齿垢密螺旋体(Td)
中间普氏菌(Pi)/变黑普氏菌(Pn)
牙龈卟啉单胞菌(Porphyromonas gingivalis, Pg)
牙龈素(gingipains)
福赛坦氏菌(Tannerella forsythia, Tf)
伴放线放线杆菌
(Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Aa)
中间普氏菌(Prevotella intermedia,Pi)
具核梭杆菌(Fusobacterium nucleatum, Fn)
粘放线菌(Actinomyces viscosus, Av)
齿垢密螺旋体 (Treponema denticola, Td)
牙周组织的防御机制 (Defen Mechanisms of Periodontal Tissues)
♦ 上皮屏障(Epithelial Barrier)
♦ 吞噬细胞(Phagocytic Cells)
♦ 龈沟液(Gingival Crevicular fluid)
♦ 唾液(Saliva)
上皮附着(epithelial attachment)
吞噬细胞 (Phagocytic Cells)
♦ 中性多形核白细胞(polymorphonuclear leukocyte)
♦ 单核/巨噬细胞(monocytes / macrophage)
龈沟液(gingival crevicular fluid ,GCF)
手抄报读书唾液(Saliva)
宿主的免疫炎症反应(Host Immunoinflammatory Respons in Periodontal Dia)
♦ 先天性免疫反应(Innate Immune Respon)
♦ 获得性免疫反应(Acquired Immune Respon)
♦ 补体(complement)
♦ 急性期蛋白(acute pha protein)
♦ 干扰素(interferon)
♦ 中性多形核白细胞(polymorphonuclear leukocytes,PMNs, neutrophil)
中性多形核白细胞(polymorphonuclear leukocytes,PMNs, neutrophil)
牙周炎发病中宿主和微生物的相互作用(Host-parasite Interaction in Periodontitis)
♦ 牙周炎的组织破坏(tissue destruction in periodontitis)
♦ 牙周炎的愈合过程(healing process in periodontitis)
蛋白酶(proteinas):基质金属蛋白酶(matrix metalloproteinas,MMPs),
细胞因子(cytokines)
前列腺素(Prostaglandin)
正常组织更新(normal tissue turnover)
牙周炎的愈合过程
(healing process in periodontitis) 再生(regeneration)修复(repair):脑梗急救
牙周病的全身促进因素(Host Contributing Factors in Periodontal Dias)
易感性(susceptibility)
♦ 遗传因素(Genetic Factors)
♦ 性激素(Hormone)
♦ 吸烟(Smoking)
♦ 有关的系统病(Systemic Dias)
糖尿病(Diabetes Mellitus)
中性粒细胞异常(neutrophil abnormalities)
艾滋病(acquired immune deficiency syndrome, AIDS)
骨质疏松症(osteoporosis)
精神压力(Stress)
牙周病的局部促进因素(Local contributing factors)
一、牙石(Dental Calculus)
镜子用英语怎么说
二、解剖因素(Anatomic Factors)
三 牙齿位置异常、拥挤和错合畸形(Malalignment, Crowding and Malocclusion)
四、医源性损伤因素(Iatrogenic Factors)
五、he创伤(Traumatic Occlusion)
六、食物嵌塞(Food Impaction)
七、不良习惯(Habits)
八、牙面着色(Dental Stains)
膜龈异常(mucogingival deformities)
医源性因素(iatrogenic):
充填体悬突(overhangs)
1. 磨牙症(bruxism)[brvksizm]/紧咬牙(clenching)
2. 吐舌习惯(tongue thrusting)
3. 刷牙创伤(toothbrush trauma)
4. 口呼吸(mouth breathing)
5.其他(others): 咬硬物、咬唇颊等。
牙面着色(dental stains)
牙周病的主要症状(main symptoms)及临床病理(clinic pathology)
牙龈出血和炎症bleeding and inflammation in gingiva
牙周袋的形成periodontal pocket being formed
牙槽骨吸收alveolar bone resorption
牙松动和移位tooth mobility and tooth migration
牙周病的活动性periodontal dia activity
1. 初期牙龈炎病损(initial lesion)
2. 早期牙龈炎病损(early lesion)
3. 确立期牙龈炎病损(established lesion)
4. 晚期牙周炎病损(advanced lesion)
探诊深度(probing depth,PD)及附着水平(attachment level,AL,或临床附着水平clinical attachment level, CAL)
龈袋(gingival pocket)
牙周袋(periodontal pocket)
牙周袋形成的机制(mechanism of pocket formation)
牙周袋的病理(histopathology)
炎性软组织壁(soft tissue wall)
根面壁(root surface wall)
袋内容物(pocket contents)
结构改变(structrual ) 化学改变(chemical)细胞毒性改变(cytotoxic)
脱矿(demineralization)再矿化(remineralization)
牙周袋的类型(Types of Periodontal Pocket)
1 . 骨上袋(益智区规则suprabony pocket)
2 . 骨下袋(infrabony pocket)
/骨内袋(intrabony pocket)
1 . 单面袋(simple pocket)
2 . 复合袋(compound pocket)
3 . 复杂袋(complex pocket)
无力挽留一、吸收的机制(mechanism of resorption)
二、吸收的病理(pathology of resorption)
三、破坏的形成(formation of destruction)
四、牙槽骨吸收的临床表现(clinical symptom of resorption)