Unit 2
Communicative Language Teaching
⏹The goal of CLT is to develop students’ communicative competence , which includes both the knowledge about the language and the knowledge about how to u the language appropriately in communicative situations(knowledge of what to say, when, how, where, and to whom).
Five main components of communicative competence 惊悚悬疑电影
⏹Linguistic competence: 舜皇山knowledge of the language itlf, its form and meaning (spelling, pronunciation, vocabulary, word formation, grammatical structure, ntence structure, mantics)
⏹Pragmatic competence: the appropriate u of the language in social context (the choice of the vocabulary and structure depends on the tting, the relative status of the speakers and their relationships.)
⏹Discour competence: one’s ability to create coherent written text or conversation and the ability to understand them.(to express or to understand a topic logically and coherently by effectively employing or comprehending the cohesive markers ud in the discour)
Five main components of communicative competence
⏹Strategic competence : one’s ability to compensate for the communication breakdown due to lack of resources by arching for other means of expression, such as using a similar phra, using gestures, or using a longer explanation.
⏹干煸牛肉Fluency: one’s ability to link units of speech together with facility and without strain or inappropriate slowness or undue hesitation
Principles of CLT
⏹Communication principle: activities that involve real communication promote learning
⏹Task principle: activities in which language is ud for carrying out meaningful tasks promote learning
⏹Meaningfulness principle: language that is meaningful to the learner supports the learning process
The teaching of language skills in CLT
⏹Listening & speaking: students should have the chance to listen to and produce what is meaningful, authentic, unpredictable, and creative if possible.幼儿园安全提示
金玉满堂菜⏹Reading: the purpo of reading is focud. Reading is to extract meaning or information (the learning of grammar and vocabulary is to facilitate such a process)
⏹Writing: students should practice writing what people write in everyday life and writing in the way people write in reality.
Learner roles within CLT
⏹Learner acts as negotiator (between the lf, the learning process, and the object of learning) when he/she interacts within the group and within the classroom procedures and activities which the group undertakes.
⏹Learner should contribute as much as he gains, and learn in an interdependent way.
Teacher roles within CLT
⏹Organizer: to facilitate the communication process between all participants in he classroom, and between the participants and the various activities and texts
⏹Learner and rearcher: to act as an independent participant within the learning-teaching group.
⏹Needs Analyst: to respond to learner language needs始字组词
Teacher roles within CLT
⏹Counlor: to maximize the meshing(配合） of speaker intention and hearer interpreta
tion, through the u of paraphra, confirmation, and feedback.
⏹Group process manager: organize the classroom as a tting for communication and communicative activities. During an activity the teacher monitors, encourages learners but suppress the inclination to supply gaps in words, grammar, and strategy but notes such gaps for later commentary. At the conclusion of group activities, the leads in the debriefing(汇报）of the activity, pointing out alternatives and extensions and assisting groups in lf-correction discussion.
Six criteria for evaluating communicative classroom activities
⏹Communicative purpo
⏹Communicative desire
⏹Content, not form
⏹Variety of language
⏹个性符号可复制No teacher intervention
⏹No materials control
Task-bad Language Teaching
⏹橘子皮的功效与作用Four components of a task:
⏹A purpo: ensure that students have a reason for undertaking the task
⏹A context： location, participants, relationships, time … (can be real, simulated or imaginary )
⏹A process: getting the students to u learning strategies(problem solving, reasoning, inquiring, etc.) to u appropriate words,ntence structures,etc.
⏹A product: visible(a written plan, a play, a letter) or invisible(enjoying a story, learning about another country, etc.)
Procedures of TBLT
⏹ Pre-task
⏹ introduction to
⏹ topic and task
⏹ Task cycle
⏹ Task Planning Report
