外科手术学
Surgilcal Operation
一、课程简介
外科手术学是外科学的重要组成部分。通过对这些内容系统的学习和正规训练，使学生对无菌观念有较深入的理解；学会正确使用手术中的常用器械；较熟练地掌握规范的外科基本操作以及外科麻醉管理。
外科手术学36学时、学分1分。
选用人民卫生出版社出版，由陈孝平、陈义发编写的《外科手术基本操作》。
二、教学内容与要求
二等功有什么待遇外科手术学学习目的
（1） 建立无菌观念，基本掌握无菌技术。
（2） 熟悉手术基本操作，初步了解动物的麻醉及其管理。
（3） 培养严格的科学作风和认真的工作态度。
在整个教学过程中，要把无菌技术作为重点内容贯彻始终。因为在外科手术实验过程中，如果麻醉效果不佳，手术将难以进行；基本操作掌握不好，止血不彻底，缝合不牢靠，手术将无法完成，其重要性易被学生认识。但如果无菌技术不严，却并不影响手术的进程，但其严重后果往往要在术后几小时乃至几十小时才能暴露，因而易被忽视。
外科手术基本操作学习目的不是让学生掌握某个单一的手术步骤，而是通过实践让学生掌握手术的基本操作和无菌技术；通过严格的术前、术中和术后管理来培养学生严谨的科学作风和关心手术对象的负责精神。如果手术的基本操作是正规的，即使手术本身有这样或那样的缺陷，仍认为实验是成功的；反之不能按规定进行操作，即使手术本身完成很快，也应认为本次实验是失败的。
（一）无菌术
目的与要求
1．认识无菌技术的重要性，建立无菌观念。2．掌握参加手术人员的无菌准备。3．掌握手术进行中的无菌原则。4．掌握手术室的规章制度。
（二）外科常用手术器械及使用方法、外科打结法
目的与要求
1．认识常用的手术器械。2．掌握常用器械的结构特点和基本性能。3．掌握常用手术器械的使用方法。4．熟练外科打结法。5．掌握手术中的剪线和外科拆线方法。
（三）离体肠吻合术
目的与要求
1．训练正确的使用手术器械的方法。2．认识肠壁的解剖关系。3．熟悉肠道吻合的基本方法和操作步骤。4．进一步熟练打结。
（四）外科手术基本操作（兔子）
切开、分离、止血、结扎、缝合。
目的与要求
1．进一步训练无菌操作。2读万卷书不如行万里路．进一步强化正确使用常用手术器械的方法。3．掌握组织切开、分离、显露、止血、结扎、缝合等手术基本操作的正确放法。菜卤4．了解皮肤切口选择的基本原则。5．了解常用的缝合方法。6．熟悉手术中人员的分工、职责。
（五）狗盲肠切除术
易贤忠目的与要求
1．进一步训练无菌技术操作。2．学习开腹和关腹的手术操作方法。3．熟练切开、止血、结扎、分离、缝合方法。4．了解动物麻醉实施的具体操作过程。
（六）狗小肠部分切除术、肠端－端吻合术
目的与要求
1．进一步训练无菌操作。2．进一步训练手术基本操作，熟练打结。3．练习开腹。关腹的常规操作步骤。小学生儿童画4．掌握肠切除、肠端－端吻合的方法。
（七）狗肠侧侧吻合术、脾切除术
目的与要求
1．强化训练无菌操作技术。2．进一步训练手术基本操作。3．练习开腹、关腹的手上操作方法。4．练习肠侧侧吻合术的常规操作。5．学习处理较大血管的操作技术。6．学习实质性脏器切除的方法。
（八）狗胃空肠吻合术、气管切开术
目的与要求
1．进一步训练无菌操作技术。2．进一步训练手术基本操作。3．练习开腹、关腹的常规步骤。4．掌握胃空肠吻合术的常规手术步骤。5．学习气管切开的常规操作步骤。
2. Experiment the contents and requests
The surgical operation learning purpo:
（1）Build up the apsis idea, basic control the technique of apsis.
（2）Acquaint with the basic operation of surgical operation, the first step understands the anesthesia of the animal and it manage.
（3）Develop the strict science style and earnest work attitudes.
In the whole teaching process, want to be the point contents to the technique of apsis to stick to the end. Becau in surgical operation experiment process, if the anesthesia is ineffective, surgical operation will hard carry on; The basic operation control not good, stop bleeding the ill success, w up rickety depend, the surgical operation will can’t complete ,its importance is easy drive the student’s understanding. But if the technique of apsis is not strict, don’t affect the progress of the surgical operation, but its rious result usually wants after operation veral hours are to go to veral ten hours and then can expo, as a result was easily neglect.
The surgical operation basic operation learning purpo is not a surgical operation step that lets the student control a certain one, but pass to practice to let the student control the surgical operation of basic operation and technique of apsis; Moderate through the
strict surgical operation front, surgical operation to manage after operation to train the careful science style of student and concern the surgical operation object to be responsible for the spirit. If the basic operation of the surgical operation is regular, even the surgical operation have thus or so of blemish, still think that experiment is successful; Whereas can’t be by rule to carry on the operation, even the surgical operation complete very quickly, also should think that this experiment is a failure of.
（A）Apsis
西游记读后感400字Purpo and request
1．Know the importance of technique of apsis, build up the apsis idea.
2．Control to attend the surgical operation personnel’s apsis preparation.
3．Control the in progress principle of apsis of surgical operation.
4．Control the regulation system of the operation room.
（B）The surgery in common u surgical operation apparatus and
operation method, surgeries tie knot the method
Purpo and request
1．Know the in common u surgical operation apparatus.
2．Control the structure characteristics and basic functions of the in common u apparatus.
3．Control the operation method of the in common u surgical operation apparatus.
4．The well-trained surgery ties knot the method.
5．Control the surgical operation in of shear the line and surgeries to remove stitches the method.
（C纳税筹划论文）Leave the body bowel to fit together
Purpo and request
1．Train the method of the right usage surgical operation apparatus.
2．Know the disction relation of the wall of intestine.
3．Acquaint with a basic method and the operation steps of an anastomosis of intestine.
4．Ties knot further and masterly.
（D）Basic operation of surgical operation（rabbit）
Cut open, parate, stop bleeding, suture:
Purpo and request
蝶泳腿怎么练1．Further trains the apsis operation.
2．The further facilitation exactitude us the method of the in common u surgical operation apparatus.
3．The exactitude that controls the tissue to cut open, parate, stop bleeding, ligature, w up the basic operation of surgical operation of etc. puts the method.
4．Understand basic principle of the skin incision choice.
5．Understand the in common u suture method.
